industrial revolution late 1700-1800s Great Britain

What was a major factor that led to the Industrial Revolution starting in Great Britain?

Natural resources, a strong economy, political stability, and nationalism.

What was the Enclosure Movement?

The process of wealthy landowners buying small farms, fencing them, and converting them into large agricultural fields.

Which invention did Jethro Tull create to improve planting efficiency?

The seed drill, which planted seeds in rows at specific depths.

What did crop rotation achieve?

It restored nutrients to the soil by alternating crops that took out and put back nutrients.

What are the three factors necessary for proper industrialization?

Land, labor, and capital.

Who invented the cotton gin and what was its purpose?

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to efficiently separate cotton fibers from seeds.

How did industrialization impact transportation?

It invented more efficient transport methods, including railways and steamboats.

What was the average workweek like for factory workers during the Industrial Revolution?

Workers averaged 14 hours a day for six days a week with monotonous tasks and no safety regulations.

What social class developed during the Industrial Revolution?

The middle class, composed of skilled workers, professionals, and business people.

How did the United States respond to the British blockade during the War of 1812?

The U.S. was forced to industrialize and created its own manufacturing capabilities.

What was the significance of the Bessemer process?

It allowed for the cheap mass production of steel.

What are interchangeable parts, and why are they important?

Interchangeable parts are uniform pieces that can be replaced and made mass production easier.

What were the conditions like for children working in factories?

Children as young as 9 worked long hours under harsh conditions, often in dangerous situations.

What was one result of the Industrial Revolution on social structures?

It created a distinct middle class with increased education and democratic participation.

What does imperialism mean in the context of the Industrial Revolution?

It refers to the practice of extending a nation's power over other lands for economic gain.

Which country was the first to industrialize and why?

Great Britain was the first to industrialize due to its natural resources and advantageous geography.

What led to urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?

The movement of people from rural areas to cities for jobs in factories.