Geography 2- Earth, rocks and landscapes; population; weather and climate; tourism; geomorphology.

It's even more geography

Earth's Layers

The Earth consists of the crust; mantle; outer core; and inner core; each with unique properties.

Plate Tectonics

The movement of Earth's lithospheric plates causes earthquakes; volcanic eruptions; and the formation of mountain ranges.

Igneous Rocks

Formed from cooled magma or lava; examples include granite and basalt.

Sedimentary Rocks

Created from compressed layers of sediments; examples include sandstone and limestone.

Metamorphic Rocks

Formed under extreme heat and pressure; examples include marble and schist.

Erosion and Weathering

Processes that shape landscapes through the breakdown and movement of rocks.

Population Growth

Influenced by birth rates; death rates; migration; and governmental policies.

Urbanization

The increasing movement of people to cities; leading to infrastructure expansion and socioeconomic change.

Demographic Transition Model

A framework describing population changes through different stages of industrialization.

Overpopulation

A situation where the number of people exceeds resources and infrastructure capacity.

Migration Trends

Factors like economic opportunities; war; and environmental conditions drive population movement.

Weather vs. Climate

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions; while climate describes long-term patterns.

Climate Zones

Tropical; temperate; and polar regions with distinct weather characteristics.

Climate Change

Long-term shifts in global temperature due to natural and human activities.

Extreme Weather Events

Hurricanes; tornadoes; droughts; and floods resulting from atmospheric disturbances.

Ocean Currents and Climate

Currents regulate global temperatures and influence weather patterns.

Types of Tourism

Categories include eco-tourism; adventure tourism; cultural tourism; and medical tourism.

Economic Impact of Tourism

Tourism generates revenue; creates jobs; but can also strain local resources.

Sustainable Tourism

Practices that reduce environmental damage and support local communities.

Famous Tourist Destinations

Sites like the Grand Canyon; Eiffel Tower; and Machu Picchu attract millions worldwide.

Effects of Technology on Tourism

AI; virtual reality; and online bookings have revolutionized travel planning.

Erosion and Deposition

Wind; water; and glaciers shape landforms by removing and depositing materials.

Fluvial Landforms

Rivers carve valleys; meanders; and deltas through erosion and sediment transport.

Glacial Landforms

Features like U-shaped valleys; fjords; and moraines formed by moving ice.

Coastal Landforms

Beaches; cliffs; and sand dunes shaped by wave action and tides.

Tectonic Landforms

Mountains and rift valleys created by the movement of Earth's plates.