us history EOC

Was called the Teflon president

Ronald Reagan

Elanor Roosevelt

first person to be called First lady due to pushing for reform for women and minorities

Jane Addams

Is best known for founding Hull House in Chicago.

Manifest Destiny

the belief (theory) that it was the right of the United States to occupy all of America from Atlantic to Pacific

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, a true symbol of the "Gilded Age," known as the Commodore.

owned U.S. Steel and used Vertical integration to monopolize the steel industry.

Andrew Carnegie

developed the air-braking system

George Westinghouse

made the sleeping car

George Pullman

owner of Standard Oil, he used Horizontal Integration to control the oil business

John D. Rockefeller

Horizontal Integration

Absorption of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources.

Vertical Integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

wealthy banker - purchased Carnegie Steel and created U.S. Steel. and Edison electric

J.P. Morgan

the first government attempt to regulate business. (1887) required railroads to charge fair rates and to publish those shipping rates.

Interstate Commerce Act

phrase coined by Mark Twain, describes time period between 1865-1900, extravagant wealth (top 5% held 86% of the nations wealth) terrible poverty existed underneath the surface.

Gilded Age

an attempt by the US Government to Americanize the Native Americans. Divided reservations into small family sized plots of land.

Dawes Act

protestants, white Anglo-Saxons from Western Europe, spoke English - (Great Britain, Germany) in search of religious freedom.

Old Immigrants

immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, they did not speak English - primarily Catholic. Came for opportunity - jobs, land.

New Immigrants

feelings of hostility for immigrants. It favored people or products that were American.

Nativism

Dolley Maddison

Saved a famous portrait of Washington while the White House was set aflame by the British.

photographer who showed the harsh conditions in America's big cities during the Gilded Age. Published a book titled How the Other Half Lives.

Jacob Riis

(1898) Explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, Battle of San Juan Hill - Teddy Roosevelt, the Philippines, Cuba, Yellow Fever, US support of Imperialism.

Spanish American War

(18th Amendment) illegal to manufacture, distribute, or possess any type of alcoholic beverage (distilled spirits). The Noble Experiment. Opened the door for organized crime (Al Capone), bootleggers and smuggling.

Prohibition (18th Amendment)

President Teddy Roosevelt created a revolution in Panama. This feat greatly increased the power of the Navy by linking the Atlantic and the Pacific. 1k died from yellow fever, took 10 years

Panama Canal

1763 treaty of paris

ended the French and Indian war

1783 treaty of Paris

ended the revolutionary war

Crispus Attucks

He was the first to be killed in the Boston massacre and is considered a symbol of resistance against British tyranny.

1898 treaty of paris

ended the Spanish American war

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer published sensational stories and used this form of journalism to promote the Spanish-American War.

effect of Yellow Journalism

idea that the United States should get involved in world affairs

Interventionist

idea that the United States should avoid involvement in world affairs. The quote from George Washington inspired this belief, "avoid foreign entanglements.

Isolationist

Reporters who discovered corruption within industry and government organizations. Laws were created and changed because of their work.

Muckrakers

reporter who exposed illegal actions committed by the Standard Oil Company, taking it down.

Ida Tarbell

activist who exposed the horrific conditions in the meat packing plants of Chicago. His book, The Jungle. This book led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and brought awareness to unsafe practices.

Upton Sinclair

Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Anarchy, Leadership. (Causes of...)

Causes of the Great War (ANIMAL)

shantytowns made from scrap material, wood, metal, etc. Homeless people lived in these during the depression.

Hoovervilles

veterans of the Great War (WW I) who marched on Washington D.C. to demand the bonus promised to them in 1945. In 1932 US troops attacked this group and drove them out of the capital.

The Bonus Army

poor farming practices and a severe drought led to horrible dust storms and left much of the Southern Great Plains in despair.

Dust Bowl

(1933 - 1936) FDR's plan to end the Great Depression. Many were put back to work, but the Depression was ended when America entered WW II.

New Deal

created by President Roosevelt's Second New Deal. Provided a pension plan for retired citizens and those who were disabled.

Social Security

this agency employed more people than any other. Workers built roads, bridges, schools, post offices and numerous other public buildings.

WPA (work progress administration)

created by the New Deal to help with flood control, provide jobs, and cheap hydro electric power to a seven state area.

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

created by the New Deal to establish confidence in the nation's banks. The government would provide insurance for up to $5,000

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

young men from 18 to 25 were employed to build parks, playgrounds, clear trails, build dams, and plant trees. The site where Powell High School sits was a camp for this agency during the Great Depression.

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) also known as Roosevelt's "tree army"

the symbol of the working woman during World War II. Women were welders, machinists, fabricators, etc...

Rosie The Riveter

this (1935) act gave workers the right to join labor unions. A minimum wage was established, and the maximum hours that one could work.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Roosevelt in 1933 to stabilize the banking system and restore public confidence. During the Bank Holiday, the government inspected banks to determine their solvency and only allowed those that were financially stable to reopen.

Bank Holiday (great depression)

Bombing of Nakasaki

August 9, 1945

bombing of Hiroshima

August 6, 1945

One of the greatest pieces of legislation in American history, this gave veterans the opportunity to go to school, get job training and guaranteed home loans. It also provided loans to those starting a business.

GI Bill

The Final Solution - 6 million European Jews and 5 million others would die in Concentration Camps. (Genocide)

Holocaust

per FDR this Executive Order would place more than 100,000 Japanese Americans into Internment camps. Korematsu v. the United States (1944) the Supreme Court agreed with FDR that American citizens should be protected from possible uprising. Finally, under President Reagan in the 80s the government would apologize and make payments to survivors.

Executive Order 9066 (Japanese Internment Camps)

Pearl Harbor (“a date which will live in infamy”)

December 7, 1941

the turning point of the war in the Pacific, from this point forward the Japanese would be on the defensive.

Battle of Midway

Operation Overlord - June 6, 1944 the greatest amphibious invasion in history to that point - A second front designed to liberate Europe would be opened.

D-Day June 6, 1944

May 8, 1945 would become known as...

VE Day May 8, 1945

August 14, 1945 would become known as... (the formal surrender of Japan would actually take place aboard the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945.

VJ Day August 14, 1945

Formal Surrender September 2, 1945

The official surrender of Japan to the Allied Powers, marked the end of World War II. The signing of the Instrument of Surrender took place on the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, the emperor did not go.

the United States policy designed to keep Communism from spreading after WW II.

Containment

belief that if one nation fell to Communism, so would those around it.

domino theory

Karl Marx was the father of this type of government - ideally, it would create a classless society.

Communism

(1950 - 1953) arguably the most brutal war America has ever been involved in - temperatures in excess of - 40◦ F. 54,000 Americans would lose their lives in what became known as "The Forgotten War." The USSR and China would aid North Korea. At the conclusion of fighting the country would remain divided at the 38th Parallel. The war has never officially ended. America still has troops there today. President Truman called this war "A Police Action."

Korean War (The Forgotten War)

this resolution was passed by Congress giving President Lyndon Johnson authority to escalate U.S. involvement in Vietnam after the USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy were said to have been fired on by North Vietnamese gun boats.

Gulf of Tonkin

first TV war. was justified with the domino theory

Vietnam War

Tet offensive

in 1968 during the Vietnam War, North Vietnamese forces launched a surprise attack against American troops. It was a turning point in the war and caused public opinion in the US to turn against the conflict.

Communist leader of Cuba who led a successful revolution in 1959. He declared Cuba would become a Communist state. (90 miles from Florida)

Fidel Castro

after WW II, this country was divided into West & East. The West would be democratic and the east would be communist. The city of Berlin would also be divided.

Germany

The plan to rebuild Europe after WW II to avoid the spread of communism. The U.S. spent billions in war torn countries. Secretary of State George Marshall felt that stronger countries could avoid falling to communism.

Marshall Plan

A United States plan to help Greece and Turkey avoid falling to communism. Within this doctrine, President Truman said America would aid any free people (country) fighting against communism.

Truman Doctrine

The Soviet Union built a concrete wall around the Eastern communist controlled section of Berlin. The wall became the ultimate symbol of the Cold War. The purpose of the wall was to keep people from escaping to the Western (free) sector of Berlin.

Berlin Wall

United States C-54 cargo planes transported needed supplies into the city of Berlin after Stalin ordered the roadways and waterways into the city sealed off. (food, fuel, medicine, etc.)

Berlin Airlift

Military alliance formed by the United States and allies to provide security in the event of an attack by the USSR.

NATO

Military alliance formed by the USSR with other communist countries from Eastern Europe.

Warsaw Pact

Cuban exiles in the United States were trained by the CIA to overthrow Fidel Castro and his communist regime. President Kennedy's biggest failure - at the last moment JFK called back the air support and the mission failed. It was an embarrassment for the US.

Bay of Pigs

(1962) U2 spy planes took photographs of Soviet nuclear missiles being placed in Cuba. JFK authorized a naval blockade around Cuba and demanded the missiles be dismantled and removed. The USSR pledged to remove the missiles - the United States removed missiles from Turkey and promised not to invade Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis

U2 incident

In 1960, the U2 incident occurred when a US spy plane was shot down over Soviet airspace. The incident heightened tensions between the US and Soviet Union during the Cold War.

McCarthyism

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.

the first artificial satellite was launched by the USSR on October 4, 1957. As a result the United States began to emphasize science and math in education. NASA was formed.

space race

The bold project to put a man on the moon proposed by JFK. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to walk on the moon. "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Apollo

period of time after WW II until the early 1960s, millions of babies were born in the United States.

baby boom

(1954) Supreme Court decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Supreme Court ruled that all public schools should be desegregated with all deliberate speed. "Separate can never be equal."

Brown vs Board of Education

(1966) Supreme Court decision - a suspect must be made aware of his or her rights when arrested. "You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law..."

Miranda v. Arizona

(1963) Supreme Court decision - ruled that every defendant in a criminal case must be provided an attorney if they cannot afford it.

Gideon v. Wainwright

(1973) Supreme Court decision that gave women the right to choose.

Roe v. Wade

(1957) Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Nine African-American students became the first to attend. Ernest Green was the first to graduate. The 101st Airborne had to be sent in to escort the students to class.

Little Rock 9

the Montgomery Bus Boycott began in 1955 after she refused to give up her seat. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. became the leader of the boycott.

Rosa Parks

This act ended discrimination (gender or color) in jobs

Civil Rights Act of 1964

the federal government was given the power to force local officials to allow African-Americans the right to vote. (literacy tests, poll taxes and grandfather clauses were made illegal)

Voting Rights Act of 1965

leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) believed in non-violent civil disobedience. Most famous speech, "I have a dream." James Earl Ray assassinated him in 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr

He wrote a book -- By Any Means Necessary "You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom." Black Muslim leader who was assassinated by members of his own group. Believed differently than Dr. King believed in physical violence if necessary.

Malcolm X

1st President to travel to China, 1st to travel to Russia, only President to resign from office.

Richard Nixon

Washington Post reporters who broke the Watergate story and brought down President Nixon.

Woodward & Bernstein

Texas Senator who headed up the Senate Committee investigating Watergate.

Sam Ervin

The Great Communicator (1981-1989) He led America to victory in the Cold War, oversaw the largest non-war military buildup in history. Believed in trickle down economics, tax breaks to business-economic growth. He reduced the size of government through Deregulation -

Ronald Reagan

Reaganomics

1. Tax cuts (the rich got the biggest cuts) 


2. Reduce gov regulation. 


3. Cut budget of gov (cut social programs social security, medicare, Medicaid, and food stamps)  

President Eisenhower brought this idea from Germany to the United States, originally it was designed for military purposes - quick evacuation of the cities in the event of a nuclear attack. This act transformed America.

Interstate Highway Act

founded the Tuskeegee Institute an all black farming college. He believed that African-Americans would gain economic equality before they would gain social equality. He was the first African-American to dine at the White House (Invited by Teddy Roosevelt)

African-American leader Booker T. Washington

founded the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) believed that African-Americans should fight for equality and demand respect.

W.E.B. DuBois

(Harlem Renaissance) African-American author who wrote Not Without Laughter and The Weary Blues.

Langston Hughes

a combination of large companies form an alliance to squeeze out competition. The companies used money to influence members of the US Senate. This led to the passage of the 17th Amendment (Direct election of Senators)

Trusts