ANSC 3306 Quiz 8 Review - Thomas, TTU Fall 25

What are the vital stats for healthy dogs 1-2 weeks of age?

1. Respiration Rate: 15-30rpm

2. Heart Rate Resting: 200-250/220

3. Body Temp: 96-97/96.5

What are the vital stats for healthy dogs 4 weeks of age?

1. Respiration Rate: 15-30rpm

2. Heart Rate Resting: 70-220/200

3. Body Temp: 100-101/100.5

What are the vital stats for a healthy adult dog?

1. Respiration Rate: 10-30rpm

2. Heart Rate Resting: 60-160/120

3. Body Temp: 101-102.5/101.5

What are some infectious agents or microorganisms of diseases?

1. Bacteria

2. Viruses

3. Fungi

4. Protozoan

5. Parasites

What are some non-infectious agents of disease?

1. Chemicals

2. Toxins

3. Malnutrition

4. Injuries

Define disease.

Any departure from the normal

What are some signs of good health?

1. Contentment

2. Alertness

3. Good appetite

4. Sleek coat and pliable and elastic skin

5. Normal mucous membranes

6. Normal feces and urine

What are some signs of disease?

1. Anorexia

2. Poor/Dry hair coat

3. Thin or emaciated

4. Diarrhea or mucous/blood in feces/vomiting

5. Ocular/nasal discharge or 3rd eyelid protracted

6. Dehydration

7. Seclusion

What is the cause of Bordetellosis?

Bordetella Bronchiseptica aka "kennel cough" or infectious tracheobronchitis

What are the clinical signs associated with Bordetellosis?

1. Sneezing

2. Coughing

3. +/- nasal discharge

How is Bordetellosis transmitted?

Aerosolization (airborne)

What is the incubation period of Bordetellosis?

5-10 days

What are the treatment options for Bordetellosis?

1. Antibiotics: Doxycycline

2. Antihistamines

3. +/- an anti-inflammatory

Are there vaccines available for Bordetellosis?

Yes

What is the cause of Borreliosis (dogs and humans)?

Borrelia Burgdorferi aka "lymes" disease

What are the clinical signs associated with Borreliosis?

1. Lameness or swelling of joints

2. Depression

3. Fever

4. Anorexia

How is Borreliosis transmitted?

Ixodes (deer) ticks (must be attached for a minimum of 24 hours

How is Borreliosis diagnosed?

Serum blood test to detect antibodies

What are the available treatments for Borreliosis?

Antibiotics

Are there vaccines available for Borreliosis?

Yes: not very effective

What are the clinical signs associated with the human form of Borreliosis?

1. Characteristic skin rash

2. Flu-like symptoms

3. Arthritis

What is the cause of Brucellosis in dogs?

Brucella Canis

What are the clinical signs associated with Brucellosis in dogs?

Clinical signs are worse in males than in females

1. Infertility

2. Testicular enlargement

3. Abortion (45-60 days)

4. Uveitis

5. Fever

6. Discospondylitis

7. Lameness

8. Lymphadenopathy

How is Brucellosis transmitted in dogs?

1. Breeding or contact with aborted tissues

- Oranisms are intracellular

- Spay/neuter to decrease transmission

What are the treatment options for Brucellosis in dogs?

Long-term antibiotics

- Guarded prognosis

Is Brucellosis zoonotic?

Possible zoonosis through aborted fluids and tissues

- "undulent fever"

What is the cause of leptospirosis in dogs?

1. Leptospira Icterohemorrhagica

2. L. Canicola

What are the clinical signs associated with Leptospirosis in dogs?

1. Fever

2. Anorexia

3. Muscle pain

4. Icterus

5. Uveitis

6. Hemoglobinuria

7. Abortion (45-60 days)

8. Death

How is Leptospirosis in dogs transmitted?

1. Contact with contaminated urine or soil, or water

2. Contact with mucous membranes

3. Venereal

4. Transplacental

What is the incubation period for Leptospirosis in dogs?

5-15 days

What are the treatment options for Leptospirosis in dogs?

1. Antibiotics

2. Supportive care

Are there vaccines available for Leptospirosis in dogs?

4 serotypes, not cross-protective

Is Leptospirosis in dogs zoonotic?

Yes, through infected urine.

- Flu-like symptoms +/- icterus

What is the cause of Canine Distemper?

Morbillivirus

What are the gastrointestinal clinical signs associated with Canine Distemper?

1. Vomiting

2. Diarrhea

3. Anorexia

4. Enamel hypoplasia

What are the respiratory clinical signs associated with Canine Distemper?

1. Nasal and ocular discharge

2. Coughing

3. Fever

What are the Neurological clinical signs associated with Canine Distemper?

1. Muscle twitching (myoclonus)

2. Seizures

How is Canine Distemper transmitted?

Inhalation of viral particles shed in secretions

- Chewing gum fits

What are the diagnostic options for Canine Distemper?

Extremely difficult to diagnose

1. Virus isolation: difficult to isolate

2. Polymerase Chain Assay (PCR): highly specific

3. Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) test

4. Immunochromatography: greater sensitivity & specificity compared to nested PCR assays

What are the treatment options for Canine Distemper?

Supportive care

What are the clinical signs of Canine Distemper survivors who have permanent damage?

1. Blindness

2. Progressive weakness

3. Seizures

4. Behavioral changes

5. "hard pad" - hyperkeratosis

Are there vaccines available for Canine Distemper?

Yes

What is the cause of Canine Parvovirus?

Parvovirus: Acute onset enteritis

- Puppies (6 weeks - 6 months)

What are the clinical signs associated with Canine Parvovirus?

1. Anorexia

2. Vomiting

3. Bloody diarrhea

4. Dehydration

5. Myocarditis

6. and shock-like death

What is the incubation period of Canine Parvovirus?

5-10 days

How is Canine Parvovirus transmitted?

Ingestions of fecal material

- Very resistant virus

Are the vaccines available for Canine Parvovirus?

Yes

What is the pathogenesis of Canine Parvovirus?

Virus-induced destruction of rapidly dividing cells, including crypt intestinal epithelial cells, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow precursor cells.

What is the cause of Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH)?

Canine Adenovirus type 1

- Rare, contagious disease that affects the liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs

What are the clinical signs associated with Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH)?

1. Fever

2. Vomiting

3. Diarrhea

4. Nasal/ocular discharge

5. Corneal edema ("blue eye")

How is Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) transmitted?

1. Oronasal route

- Shed in urine

What are the treatment options for Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH)?

Supportive care

Are there vaccines available for Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH)?

1. CAV-1 post-vaccinal complications

2. CAV-2 cross protections & safer

What is the cause of Rabies in dogs?

Rhabdovirus: Aka hydrohobia

- Acute, viral encephalomyelitis that affects all warm-blooded animals

What are some carriers of Rabies?

1. Bats

2. Skunks

3. Foxes

4. Raccoons

How is Rabies transmitted in dogs?

Transfer of saliva through the skin, muscle or mucous membrane

What is the incubation period for Rabies in dogs?

15 days to months

What are the clinical signs associated with the paralytic/dumb form of Rabies in dogs?

1. hypersalivation

2. Difficulty swallowing

3. Weakness

4. Paralysis

5. Death

What are the clinical signs associated with the Furious form of Rabies in dogs?

1. Behavioral and temperament change

- Attack

What are the treatment options available for Rabies in dogs?

None

Are there vaccines available for Rabies in dogs?

Yes

What is the cause of Corona in dogs?

Coronavirus

What are the clinical signs associated with Corona in dogs?

Inapparent to severe vomiting and diarrhea

What are the treatment options for Corona in dogs?

1. Supportive care

2. Usually self-limiting

Are there vaccines available for Corona?

Yes, but questionable efficacy

What is the cause of Canine Influenza in dogs?

type A H3N8 (equine -> K9) H3N2

- "Hemagglutinin receptors"

- "Neuraminidase receptors"

How is Canine Influenza in dogs transmitted?

1. Aerosol

2. Direct contact

3. Fomites

What is the incubation period for Canine Influenza in dogs?

2-4 days

What are the diagnostic options for Canine Influenza in dogs?

1. History

2. Clinical signs

3. Nasal swab (PCR, ELISA, and Virus isolation)

What are the clinical signs associated with Canine Influenza in dogs?

1. Coughing

2. Anorexia

3. Lethargy

4. Pyrexia

5. Sneezing

6. Ocular discharge

7. Clear-mucopurulent nasal discharge

What are the treatment options for Canine Influenza in dogs?

1. Supportive care

2. Self-limiting

What is the function of the vaccine for Canine Influenza in dogs?

Decreases the severity of clinical signs

What are Rickettsia spp.?

They are gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria that infect mammals and arthropods

What is the cause of Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

Ehrlichia canis: aka "tick fever"

What are the clinical signs associated with Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

1. Fever

2. Weight loss

3. Lymphadenopathy

4. Bleeding disorders

5. Coughing

6. Nasal discharge

7. Lameness

8. Occasional neurological signs

What are the clinical signs associated with the acute form of Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

1. Fever

2. Ocular/nasal discharge

3. Lymphadenopathy

4. Epistaxis

What are the clinical signs associated with the subclinical form of Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

May not show clinical signs

What are the clinical signs associated with the chronic form of Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

1. Lameness

2. Joint swelling

3. Bleeding

4. Weight loss

5. Weakness

6. Coughing

How is Ehrlichiosis in dogs transmitted?

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)

What are the diagnostic options for Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

1. Serology

2. Confirmatory CBC

What are the treatment options for Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

1. Antibiotics (Tetracyclines)

2. +/- corticosteroids

Describe the chronic form of Ehrlichiosis in dogs.

Organisms can get into the bone marrow, and the disease may be irreversible

What are the prevention options for Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

Tick control

- Flea/Tick prevention

What is the cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in dogs?

Rickettsia Rickettsii

How is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in dogs transmitted?

dermacentor (American dog tick) species of ticks

What are the clinical signs associated with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in dogs?

1. Fever

2. Skin rash with bruising

3. Nasal discharge

4. Coughing

5. Lymphadenopathy

6. Joint or muscle pain

What are the diagnostic options for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in dogs?

Serology

What are the treatment options for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in dogs?

Antibiotics: Tetracyclines

What are the prevention options for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in dogs?

Tick control

- Flea/Tick prevention

What are the clinical signs associated with the human syndrome of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

1. Fever

2. Chills

3. Pain in muscles and joints

4. Skin rash

What is the cause of Coccidiomycosis?

Coccidioides immitis. aka Valley fever

How is Coccidiomycosis transmitted?

Inhalation of fungal spores found in semiarid areas of SW U.S.

Which dogs does Coccidiomycosis effect most commonly?

Young, large-breed dogs

What are the clinical signs associated with Coccidiomycosis?

1. Fever

2. Coughing

3. Pneumonia

4. Weight loss

5. Draining skin lesions

6. Lemphadenopathy

7. Lameness

8. Bone: joint & bone swelling

What are the treatment options for Coccidiomycosis?

Antifungals

What is the cause of Histoplasmosis in dogs?

Histoplasma Capsulatum

How is Histoplasmosis in dogs transmitted?

1. Inhalation via soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings

2. Ingestion

3. Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

What are the clinical signs associated with Histoplasmosis in dogs?

1. Coughing

2. Fever

3. Pneumonia

4. If ingested:

- Fever

- Vomiting

- Diarrhea

- Weight loss

What are the diagnostic options for Histoplasmosis in dogs?

The organism must be isolated from the organ samples

What are the treatment options for Histoplasmosis in dogs?

Systemic antifungals