Revision Guide - Organisms, Nutrients, Energy

Flashcards about the respiratory system, nutrients, digestion, energy, and thermal energy transfer.

What is the function of the trachea?

The trachea, or windpipe, carries air to the lungs.

What are the two tubes that branch from the trachea?

The Bronchi.

Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles.

What are three adaptations of alveoli for gas exchange?

Large surface area, thin walls (one cell thick), and a rich blood supply (capillaries).

What gases are exchanged in the alveoli?

Oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli.

What are the seven nutrition groups?

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats/lipids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water.

Where are nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream?

Small intestine.

What reagent is used to test for starch?

Iodine.

What result indicates the presence of starch in a food test?

A blue-black color indicates the presence of starch.

What reagent is used to test for sugars?

Benedict’s Solution.

What result indicates the presence of sugar in a food test?

An orange/red color (after heating) indicates the presence of sugar.

What reagent is used to test for protein?

Biuret solution.

Describe the main adaptations of the small intestine.

Villi and microvilli to increase surface area, thin walls for short diffusion distance, and a rich blood supply for quick transport.

Name three forms of energy.

Kinetic, thermal, chemical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, nuclear, electrical, sound, and light.

How does conduction transfer heat?

Heat transfer through solids. Particles vibrate and pass energy along.