Parts of the Cell Review

this is from the assignment she gave us on canvas

cell membrane 

The outer protective covering of the cell. 

plasma membrane

Another name for the cell membrane. 

cilia   

Short hair-like projections visible on the outer surface of the cell.

• They move together in a wave-like motion over the surface of the cell. This motion can move fluid, mucus, or other cells over their surface.

flagellum

Similar to cilia but they are thicker, longer, and the cell usually contains 1 of these structures.

• They move back and forth like a whip.This movement produces movement for the cell.

nucleus

This organelle controls all the cells activities. 

• contains chromosomes

nuclear membrane

The double layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus. 

Golgi apparatus

This organelle is known as the cells "packing plant"

• it is a stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm

• they store and package protein made in the endoplasmic reticulum then bring them to the cells surface where they can be secreted

• other secretions they package is hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.

nucleolus 

Organelle located inside the nucleus: important in cell reproduction. 

cytoplasm

The site for all chemical reactions that take place within the cell. 

• gel-like sticky fluid

• clear in color

• contains nutrients= carbohydrates, proteins, lipids(fats), minerals, salts, water

• found between the nucleus and cell membrane

centrioles

These structures separate during mitosis. This creates an even division of chromosomes in the 2 new cells. 

• cannot be seen when the cell is not dividing

• usually found near the nucleus

• during cell division they separate and move to opposite ends of the nucleus.

mitochondria

Organelle that breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fat to produce ATP (energy) for the cell.

• rod or bean shaped sac

• powerhouse of the cell

ribosomes

The organelles that aid in the synthesis of proteins. 

• they are packets of rna and protein

• manufacture proteins( they move from the nucleus through the pores in the nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm where they produce protein)

• They are found either floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

endoplasmic 

The term that means "within cytoplasm"

chromatin

During cell reproduction these structures condense to form chromosomes. 

• located in the nucleus

• made of dna and protein

• human cell has 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs

semipermeable

The term defined as 'allowing certain substances to enter and leave the cell while preventing the passage of other substances"

organelles 

The term that means 'little organs"

centrosome

The area in the cytoplasm that contains 2 centrioles.

• located in cytoplasm near the nucleus

lysosomes

The organelle that is referred to as the cells "digestive system"

• They contain powerful digestive enzymes that digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign materials that have invade the cell.

• if they were to burst they could destroy the cell.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

The type of endoplasmic reticulum that contains ribosomes.

• It acts as a protein storage site and transportation system in the cell.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The type of endoplasmic reticulum that does not contain ribosomes. 

• It assists with cholesterol production, fat, metabolism, and detoxification of harmful substances.

reticulum

The term that means "network"

pores

allows substances to pass between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

mitosis

cell division