UGA JOUR 3030 Media News and Consumers Exam #1

Deception

the act of causing someone to accept as true/valid what is false/invalid

Ideal journalism

seeking truth and reporting it based on discipline of verification

4 P’s of success

Potential

Purpose

Perspective

Perseverance

Journalism is focus on what of the 4 P’s

Perspective

Media and technology are

linked

What fundamentally changed media?

Digital technology

Who controls the media market?

Tech giants

Media is accessible…

It is mobile; anywhere, anytime

What is replacing previously established media models

Streaming media

Social networks are

important, but works in progress

Why does truth matter

democracy could die if false information remains unchecked

True or False: Political attacks against press are not new

True

Journalism process

Gathering

Assessing

Creating

Presenting

What is news

Truth; the quest for accuracy of facts

Journalisms first obligation is to

the truth

Independence

the construct of a watchdog role over government and other institutions

Relevance

avoiding sensationalism and false significance, which “trivializes civic dialogue and ultimately public policy”

Most journalists view themselves as

public servants

Most journalists embrace

healthy skepticism

Most journalists are ____ seekers

truth seekers; not sensationalists

7 principles of defining news

Timeliness

Proximity

Impact

Prominence

Unusualness

Conflict

Emotion

5 W’s & H

Who

What

When

Where

Why

How

Journalistic process trains you to

• Use ability to reason; sort through competing options and make choices

• associate links between ideas and explain them to your audience

• determine the importance and relevance of arguments and ideas

• identify inconsistencies and errors in reasoning

• become consistent and systematic

Mass communication

sending the same message, often from a large organization to many varied people at the same time through a technological medium

Types of news

Hard news

Features

Investigative stories

Hard news

Typical news things; crime, economy, politics/government, international affairs

Features

insights into things of personal interest + adds balance to the news

ex. entertainment, lifestyle

Investigative stories

true investigative reporting that delivers significant new information about matters of public importance

The broadcast arc

a narrative approach with a beginning, middle, and end

The inverted pyramid

begins with most important information and works down to less important info

Press is the only profession provided protection by

the constitution; 1st amendment

True or false: Social media is actively reducing news

True; specifically Facebook and X

True or false: video led platforms are growing in importance

true

What percentage of Americans are concerned about what is real vs fake news online?

72%

What percentage of Americans pay for online news?

22%

Has interest in news gone down?

Yes

Information

the raw material of communication

Communication

the process of placing “information” into action

Media

the systems and structures of facilitating the communication process

Media as a type of context

Movies, photography, social media, etc

Media by how content is distributed

streaming services, internet, cell phones, etc

Size and scope of US media market compared to rest of world

US share is 1/3

Are these type of media going up or down in popularity?

Print

TV

Digital

Print down

TV down

Digital up

What was the tipping point year and why?

2019; digital media passes traditional for the first time

Macro trends driving media change

Streaming: faster networks and devices

Fragmentation: Social media uncertainty

Immersion: Gaming, AI

Media literacy

an educational approach that empowers people to use critical thinking skills when consuming media

Media literacy intentions

Creating awareness of the characteristics of media

Intent of messages

Techniques used

Impact on society

Media literate person

ability to change, analyze, evaluate, and produce media. They are discerning about content they consume

Misinformation

False, but not created with the intention of causing harm

This can be breaking news, rapid fire release of information before absolute verification

Disinformation

False and deliberately created to harm or mislead a person, social group, organization, or country

Malinformation

Info based in reality but used to inflict harm on a person, organization, or country

ex. catfishing, revenge media

4 principles of media literacy

Access: get a greater variety of sources

Analysis: examine structure and content and its purpose

Evaluation: judgement made about content

Produce: creating original messages

Theory

a series of propositions use to describe or explain an experience or occurance

Media theories

Transactional Model

Linear model

Uses and gratifications theory

Dependency theory

Cultivation theory

Transactional model

Sender and receiver that encode and decode messages. When this happens a feedback loop is formed

Types of noise in transactional model

Environmental: sounds that distract

Mental: internal distractions

Semantic: language differences

Linear model

Receiver experiencing message from mass medium

Uses and gratifications theory

People use media to fulfill various needs

Dependency theory

Choosing forms of media that meet our needs, but it extends to dependency

Cultivation theory

over time, exposure to media messages cultivates our perceptions of reality

Framing

the central organizing idea for news content that supplies a context and suggests what the issue is; the angle or perspective from which a story is told

How is news framed?

Selection: what is covered

Emphasis: length/time of coverage, how many POVs, placement, promotion

Exclusion: what is not covered

Elaboration: how often is it covered

Gatekeeping

How the news media play an important role in determining what news is

Gatekeeping internal factors

Personal values/beliefs

Constraints in day-to-day function

Ideologies of news organization

External factors of gatekeeping

Available sources

Audience pressures

Advertisers

Interest groups

Governmental restrictions

Competition

Agenda setting

the media agenda predicts and sets the public agenda; now, there is more influence from audience due to social media

Priming

Thinking of one subject triggers thoughts of other things associated with original topic; mental cartwheeling