TRANSPORT in PLANTS

FLASHCARDS

Define the term xylem.

Xylem are vessels that transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the upper parts of plants.

True or False?

Xylem vessels provide structural support to plant stems.

True.

Xylem vessels are strong to enable them to transport water without breaking; this means that they also contribute to structural support within plant stems.

Define the term phloem.

The phloem is a tissue that transports sucrose and amino acids around plants.

True or False?

The image below correctly shows the distribution of vascular tissue in a root.

Diagram of a cross-section of a plant's vascular bundle. "Xylem" labels the central section of tissue and "phloem" labels the tissue surrounding the centre.

True.

The xylem tissue forms a cross shape in the centre of roots, and the phloem surrounds the xylem tissue.

Diagram of a cross-section of a plant's vascular bundle. "Xylem" labels the central section of tissue and "phloem" labels the tissue surrounding the centre.

Which colour (green or pink) represents the xylem tissue in this stem cross-section diagram?

A stem cross section with a ring of vascular tissue on a pale blue background. The ring contains an outer layer of green tissue and an inner layer of pink tissue.

Xylem tissue is represented by pink regions in the diagram. This is because phloem is on the outside of the vascular bundles in a stem, while xylem is on the inside.

A stem cross section with a ring of vascular tissue on a pale blue background. The ring contains an outer layer of green tissue and an inner layer of pink tissue.

Which types of plant tissue are represented by letters A and B in the diagram?

Diagram of a leaf cross-section with labelled regions A and B. A indicates pink tissue towards to top of the leaf and B indicates green tissue towards the bottom of the leaf.

The types of plant tissue represented by A and B are:

A = xylem

B = phloem

The diagram shows a leaf cross section. Xylem tissue is closer to the upper surface of leaves while phloem is closer to the lower surface.

Diagram of a leaf cross-section with labelled regions A and B. A indicates pink tissue towards to top of the leaf and B indicates green tissue towards the bottom of the leaf.

How are xylem vessels adapted to carry out their function? (Extended Tier Only)

Xylem vessels are adapted to their function as follows:

Cell walls strengthened with lignin

No cell contents

No end walls

What cell type is shown in the image below?

Diagram showing a cross-section of a plant cell with an elongated extension of the cytoplasm, large central vacuole, nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles depicted in various colours.

The cell type shown in the image is a root hair cell.

Diagram showing a cross-section of a plant cell with an elongated extension of the cytoplasm, large central vacuole, nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles depicted in various colours.

What is the role of a root hair cell?

The role of a root hair cell is to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.

How are root hair cells adapted to aid their function?

Root hair cells are adapted for absorption of water and minerals as follows:

They have a large surface area

They contain mitochondria which release energy for active transport

Write a flow diagram to describe the pathway taken by water as it travels across the root, up the stem, and out of the leaves of plants.

The pathway taken by water as it travels across the root, up the stem, and out of the leaves of plants is:

Root hair cells rightwards arrowroot cortex rightwards arrowxylem vessels rightwards arrow spongy mesophyll cells

True or False?

A piece of celery stem placed in food colouring can be used to show the location of phloem tissue in celery.

False.

Placing a celery stem in food colouring and allowing it to absorb the dye allows the location of the xylem to be seen.

Define the term transpiration.

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants by evaporation.

What is the role of the spongy mesophyll cells in transpiration?

The spongy mesophyll cells are involved in transpiration as follows:

water vapour evaporates from the surface of spongy mesophyll cells and enters the leaf air spaces

water vapour diffuses from the air spaces out of the leaf

By what process does water vapour exit the leaf air spaces?