Organic Chemistry functional groups

Amine

Group containing nitrogen, NH2 attached

Alcohol

OH/hydroxyl attached at end of

Silane

SiH4 group

Alkane

Any hydrcarbon

Ammonium

Something with an NH4 attached to it

Ether

Oxygen is connected to carbons/other groups (C-O-C)

Phosphine

PH3/phosphorus connected to other groups

Alkene

Carbon double bond attached other groups, C=C

Aziridine

Often nitrogen connected to two carbons in a triangle pattern with a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen

Epoxide

Oxygen in a 3-membered ring, connected to carbon in a triangle

Thiol

SH group attached at end of

Alkyne

Carbon triple bonded in a compound

Hydrazine

Two NH2 groups connected together

Peroxide

Two oxygens bonded to each other within a compound

Thioether

Sulfur is within the compound, connected to other carbons/groups

Aromatic hydrocarbon

Consists of a hydrocarbon attached to a benzene ring

Amide 1

Often NH2, nitrogen in a hydrocarbon with a formal charge of -1

Alkoxide

Alcohol conjugate base, oxygen attached at the end with a formal charge of -1

Disulfide

Two sulfurs bonded to each other within a hydrocarbon

Haloalkane

Hydrocarbon with a noble gas attached on the end

Diamine

Molecule containing two NH2 groups attached at the ends of

Diol

Molecule containing two OH groups attached at the ends of

Selenol

Selenium and hydrogen group attached at the end of the molecule

Aldehyde

Carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to H at end of molecule, CHO group

Hemiacetal

Carbon bonded to two oxygen and one hydrogen, one hydrogen attached to oxygen, like aldehyde with an OH group, CH2O2

Carboxylic acid

Has a COOH group at the end of

Acyl halide

Carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to a halogen, COX

Ketone

Carbon double bonded to oxygen within the molecule, C=O

Acetal

Carbon bonded two 2 oxygens and 1 hydrogen within the molecule

Ester

Carbon double bonded to 1 oxygen and single bonded to another oxygen

Amide 2

Carbon double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to nitrogen (can be an NH2)

Imine

Carbon double bonded to nitrogen within the molecule, C=H

Hemiketal

Carbon bonded to 2 oxygen, 1 hydrogen bonded to oxygen within the molecule

lactone

Cyclic ester, carbon doubled bonded to 1 oxygen and single bonded to another

Lactam

Cyclic amide, carbon doubled bonded to oxygen, single bonded to nitrogen

Azo

2 nitrogens double bonded to each other within the molecule

Ketal

Carbon bonded to 2 oxygens within the molecule

Anhydride

Oxygen bonded to 2 carbons, each carbon is double bonded to an oxygen

Imide

Nitrogen bonded to 2 carbons, each carbon is double bonded to an oxygen

Azide

3 nitrogens double bonded to each other, 1 has a formal charge of +1, 1 has a formal charge of -1

Orthoester

Carbon bonded to 3 oxygens and another part of the hydrocarbon

Carboxylate

Carbon double bonded to 1 oxygen and single bonded to another oxygen with a formal charge of -1 at the end of the molecule

Carbamate

Carbon double bonded to 1 oxygen, single-bonded to another, and single bonded to another nitrogen within the molecule

Nitrile

Carbon triple bonded to nitrogen at the end of the molecules

Nitro

Nitrogen has a formal charge of +1, double bonded to 1 oxygen, single bonded to another oxygen with a formal charge of -1

Carbonate

Carbon double bonded to 1 oxygen, single bonded to 2 others within the molecule

Urea

Carbon double bonded to 1 oxygen and single bonded to 2 nitrogens within the molecule