AP US GOPO Required Court Cases

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes, covering required SCOTUS cases related to constitutional principles.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

The first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of judicial review, giving federal courts the power to void acts of Congress conflicting with the Constitution. JUDICIAL REVIEW

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Increases the power of the national government through the NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE, affirming the power to tax.

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Limits the power of the national government, asserting states' rights by restricting the scope of interstate commerce in relation to the Gun-Free School Zones Act. LIMITS COMMERCE CLAUSE

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Established malapportionment as undemocratic and determined that redistricting issues are justiciable, allowing SCOTUS to intervene. ARTICLE 3 SECTION 2

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

Ruled that drawing district boundaries based solely on race violates the 14TH AMENDMENT’S EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE, though race can be a factor if not the dominant one.

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Declared that no government official may organize or lead prayer in public school, affirming the ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE OF THE 1ST AMENDMENT

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Ruled that forcing Amish students to conform to worldly society violates their right to freely exercise their faith under the 1ST AMENDMENT FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE

Schenck v. the United States (1919)

Established that speech creating a clear and present danger is not protected, limiting free speech during wartime. TIME, PLACE, MANNER

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Affirmed that students don't shed their rights at the schoolhouse gate, protecting symbolic speech unless it causes substantial disruption or invades the rights of others. 1ST AMENDMENT FREE SPEECH

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

Allowed the publication of the Pentagon Papers, ruling that the government did not meet the heavy burden to justify prior restraint under the 1st Amendment. 1ST AMENDMENT FREE PRESS

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Incorporated the 2nd Amendment's right to bear arms, applying it to the states through the 14TH AMENDMENT DUE PROCESS

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Incorporated the 6th Amendment right to counsel, ensuring individuals have the right to an attorney in state and local trials via the 14th Amendment. 6TH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO COUNSEL

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring that separate but equal facilities are inherently unequal and violate the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Established a woman's right to choose to have an abortion, based on trimesters and viability, though subject to state interests.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

Ruled that corporations and unions have free speech rights, allowing for unlimited independent advertising spending through Super-PACs. 1ST AMENDMENT FREE SPEECH