CL322 Final Exam Review

These flashcards cover major figures, events, and concepts from the final exam review in CL322, focusing on the history of Ancient Rome.

Pompey

first triumvirate member, allied with the senate against caesar, fought against caesar in civil war (49-48 bc), defeated at pharsalus (48), murdered in egypt

Crassus

super rich, first triumvirate, crushed spartacus, failed in parthia, died in carrhae 53 bc

First Triumvirate

An informal political alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus because the senate was blocking them. broke up when crassus died, pompey helped the senate again, led to civil war against caesar.

Cicero

Roman statesman, orator, and author known for his speeches against Catiline. New man, consul in 63, clashed with caesar and antony, executed in 43 bc through proscriptions

Rubicon

River in italy, caesar crossed in 49 bc, committed treason and resulted in civil war

Ides of March

Date of Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BCE, march 15th

Proscriptions

Political purges that resulted in executions and confiscation of property, led by second triumvirate

Vergil

Roman poet known for the Aeneid, died in 19 bc, bug augustus fan

Augustus

First Roman emperor, originally named Octavian.

Aeneas

A mythical hero of Troy and the protagonist of Vergil's Aeneid.

Dido

Queen of Carthage; lover of Aeneas in the Aeneid.

Forum of Augustus

Started in 42 bc, finished in 2 bc, featured temple of mars, large courtyard with statues of famous romans,

Mark Antony

Ally to caesar, second triumvirate (40 bc), relationship with cleopatra, lost battle of actium, died in alexandria in 30 bc

Cleopatra

Relantionship with caesar and antony, lost actium, died in alexandria

Saecular games

Religious festivals celebrated in ancient Rome to symbolize a new era, held by augustus in 17 bc to celebrate peace and divine favor

Tiberius

stepson of augustus, emperor from 17 to 37, known as resclusive

Treason trials

Trials during Tiberius's reign, used to eliminate political rivals.

Claudius

Nephew of Tiberius, uncle of Caligula, emperor in 41 ad, conquered britian, improved legal system, built aquaducts, generally good ruler, died in 54,

Fire of 64

Devastating fire in Rome during Nero's reign, Nero was not there and instead played his fiddle, nero accused christians

Colosseum

Large amphitheater, started by vespasian in 70 and finished by titus in 80

Vespasian

69-79 bc, first of the flavian dynasty, taxed luxury goods to refill romes treasury

Domitian

Roman emperor known for his authoritarian rule.

Trajan

Emperor known for his expansion of the Roman Empire and public works.

Dacian Wars

Military campaigns fought by Trajan against the Dacians.

Tacitus

Roman historian known for his works on the history of Rome.

Hadrian

Emperor known for building Hadrian's Wall in Britain.

Marcus Aurelius

Philosopher-king and author of Meditations.

Crisis of the third century

A period of military, political, and economic turmoil in the Roman Empire.

Christian persecutions

A series of campaigns against Christians in the Roman Empire, especially during Decius.

Diocletian

Emperor known for reforming the Roman Empire and establishing the Tetrarchy.

Tetrarchy

Division of the Roman Empire into four regions, each ruled by a co-emperor.

Constantine

First Christian Roman emperor who founded Constantinople.

Council at Nicea

First ecumenical council that addressed Arianism.

Battle of Philippi

A battle in which Mark Antony and Octavian defeated Brutus and Cassius.

Battle of Actium

Naval battle resulting in the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra.

Praetorian Guard

Elite unit of the Roman army that served as personal bodyguards to the emperor.

Jewish revolt

Revolts in Judea against Roman rule, leading to significant conflict.

Antonine constitution (212)

Constitution granting Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire.

Sacks of Rome

Refers to three events where Rome was invaded and plundered.

Law codes of the Roman Empire

Legal frameworks established by emperors such as Theodosius and Justinian.

The secret was out: emperors could be made outside of Rome

A remark by Tacitus indicating the potential for power shifts away from the traditional center of Rome.

Suetonius

Roman historian known for his biographies of the emperors.

Civil war

Internal conflict within the Roman Republic particularly following the death of Julius Caesar.

Augustine, City of God

A work by St. Augustine addressing the relationship between Christianity and the Roman Empire.

Fall of Constantinople to Turks

The capture of the Byzantine capital by the Ottoman Empire in 1453.