Anatomy Lab Exercises 15, 16, 17

upper respiratory tract

• nose

• nasal cavity

• paranasal sinuses (frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid)

• pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx)

• larynx (portion above the glottis)

• larynx (portion below the glottis)

lower respiratory tract

• trachea

• bronchi (primary, secondary, and teritary)

• bronchoiles

• alveoli

septal cartilage

light blue in color

hard palate

makes up structure of nose

choana

between nose concha and nasopharynx

uvula

hanging part of hard palate

choana/internal nares

behind nasal cavity

auditory/eustachian tube

tube going down pharynx

false vocal cords

on top

true vocal cords (vocal cords)

on bottom

nasopharynx

space between choana to tip of uvula

oropharynx

space between uvula and tip of epiglottis

laryngopharynx

space between epiglottis and esophagus

single cartilages

cricoid cartilage, epiglottis cartilage, thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)

paired cartilages

arytenoid cartilages, corniculate cartilages, cuneiform cartilages

epiglottis

closes down to prevent food/liquid down trachea

hyoid bone

below epiglottis

adam’s apple

light blue

trachea

windpipe

thyroid gland

• on side of trachea, round and dark

• creates T3/T4 hormone secreted, calcitonin created

• pink in color

carina

bifurcates (splits into two) into primary bronchus

carina pt. 2

initiates cough reflex

mucus

traps foreign object

cillia

moves foreign object

pulmonary arteries

blue

pulmonary veins

red

pneumocyte type I cells

squamous-shaped and has a flat nucleus, provide structural support of the alveoli

pneumocyte type II cells

cuboidal-shaped and has a round nucleus, provides surfactant to help keep air sacs open

dust cells

alveolar macrophages, remove cellular debris and bacteria

rugae

folds in stomach

liver

makes bile

hepatic flexure

bending of the liver

splenic flexure

bending of the spleen

sigmoid colon

end of descending colon

DJI

• duodenum

• jejunum

• illeum

acid stomach

over production of acid in stomach

gallbladder

stores bile to make more concentrated

what does bile do?

breaks down fats

what is the order of the teeth when looking at side of mouth?

• incisors

• canine

• premolars

• molars

parotid duct

green

parotid gland

produce saliva

inferior vena cava

blue in color, next to caudate lobe

common bile duct

cystic duct + common hepatic duct

outer part of kidney

corpuscle

kidney

urine production

ureter

transport urine to urinary bladder

urinary bladder

storage of urine

urethra

transport urine out of body

epinephrine

adrenal medulla

arcuate artery

runs on base of pyramid

interlobular artery

come off of arcuate artery

interlobar artery

runs on sides of pyramids

proximal convoluted tubule

workhorse of nephron

macula densa cells

DCT, detect sodium

podocytes

make glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

proximal convoluted tubule

contains urine

detrusor muscle

contracts to allow urine to escape (smooth muscle)

trigone

2 ureteral openings and 1 single urethral opening