Anatomy and Physiology Unit A

Anatomy

The structure and location

Physiology

the function

Abdomen

The area between the chest and pelvis

Abdominal

Relating to the abdomen

Anatomical Position

Standing upright, facing forward, palms facing forward, arms at sides

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward the back of the body

Superior

Toward the top/head

Inferior

Towards the bottom/feet

Medial

Toward the middle of the body

Lateral

away from the middle, toward the sides

Proximal

closer to where a limb attaches to the body

Distal

Farther from where a limb attaches to the body

Right

The persons right side in anatomical position

Left

the persons left side in anatomical position

Dorsum (back)

The back surface of the body

Antecubital

front of elbow

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

upper arm

Buccal

cheek

Cervical

neck

Femoral

thigh

Gluteal

buttock

Inguinal

groin

Lumbar

lower back

Occipital

back of the head

Popliteal

Back of the knee

Pubic

front-center pelvic region

Scapular

shoulder blade

Sural

calf/lower back leg

Umbilical

belly button area

cranial cavity

space containing the brain

vertebral cavity

Space containing the spinal cord.

dorsal body cavities

the cavities on the back side of the body

thoratic cavity

chest cavity

Thorax

Chest

abdominal cavity

Large cavity containing many digestive organs

Pelvic cavity

cavity inside the pelvis

ventral body cavity

Large cavity on the front of the body

Diaphragm

Large muscle separating the chest from the abdomen

frontal (coronal) plane

divides the body into front and back

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

midsagittal plane

Divides body into equal left and right halves

parasagittal plane

divides body into unequal left and right parts

transverse plane

divides body into top and bottom

RUQ

Right upper quadrant

RLQ

right lower quadrant

LUQ

left upper quadrant

LLQ

left lower quadrant

right hypochondriac region

Upper right abdominal region

left hypochondriac region

Upper left abdominal region

epigastric region

upper middle abdominal region

right lumbar region

middle right abdominal region

left lumbar region

Middle left abdominal region

umbilical region

middle abdominal region

right iliac region

lower right abdominal region

left iliac region

lower left abdominal region

hypogastric region

lower middle abdominal region

pubic region

lowest middle abdominal/pelvic region

lower limb

the entire leg

stimulus

a change that causes a response

receptor

detects a stimulus/change

Control/Integrating center

receives information and decides what to do

effector

carries out the response

response

what the body does after detecting a stimulus

negative feedback

a response that reverses a change and brings the body back toward normal

positive feedback

a response that makes a change stronger

respiratory system

Organs involved in breathing

urinary system

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

endocrine system

glands that release hormones

lymphatic system

network of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and organs

female reproductive system

organs involved in female reproduction

male reproductive system

organs involved in male reproduction

muscular system

all the muscles in the body

skeletal system

bones, cartilage, joints

cardiovascular system

heart, blood, blood vessels

integumentary system

skin, hair, nails, glands

digestive system

organs that break down food

brain

main control organ of the nervous system

spinal cord

long bundle of nervous tissue connecting the brain to the body