Feline Ophthalmology (not done)

What is eyelid agenesis?

Abscence of portion of the eyelid

Where is eyelid agenesis located in cats?

Lateral upper eyelid

What can patients with eyelid agenesis get secondarily?

Trichiasis and exposure keratoconjunctivitis

How can you repair eyelid agensis?

Surgery

What is corneal sequestrum?

Area of corneal degeneration with amber to brown discoloration usually in central/paracentral cornea

Corneal sequestrum has variable BLANK and variable BLANK

vascularization and ocular pain

Corneal sequestrum

What is the only species that gets corneal sequestrum?

Cats

What does eosinophilic conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis look like in cats?

Proliferative, white to pink, irregular, vascularized lesion from the limbus

Where does eosinophilic conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis originate in cats?

Limbus

Eosinophilic conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis

How do you diagnose Eosinophilic conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis?

Eosinophils on cytology

How do you treat Eosinophilic conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis topically?

Prednisolone acetate

Dexamethasone

Optimmune

Cyclosporine

Tacrolimus

Topical megastrol acetate

How do you treat Eosinophilic conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis sytemically?

Prednisolone

What is the prognosis for eosinophilic keratitis?

Favorable but long term

What does feline herpesvirus 1 do in cats?

Corneal ulcers (geographic, dendritic, stromal keratitis)

How do you diagnose FHV-1?

C/S (if a cat has a corneal ulcer)

Conjunctival cytology

PCR

IFA

Virus isolation

What FHV-1 diagnosis is sensitive and specfiic?

PCR

What can cause a false positive IFA?

Fluorescein stain

When is FHV-1 virus isolation definitive?

Only for acute infection

How do you treat Herpesvirus?

Cidofovir

Idoxuridine

Trifluridine

What is the benefit of cidofovir?

You only have to give it 2 times a day

How do you treat FHV systemically?

Famciclovir

Lysine

What drug should never be used in cats?

Valacyclovir

What are the complications of FHV-1?

Globe rupture

Symblepharon

What can cause secondary feline glaucoma?

Uveitis

Intraocular neoplasia

Feline aqueous midirection syndrome

How do you treat feline glaucoma?

Topical anhydrase inhibitors

Beta blockers

What can you not use to treat feline glaucoma?

Latanoprost

Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

What is the signalment for feline aqueous humor midirection sydrome?

Older cats

What is feline aqueous humor misdirection syndrome?

AH shunted into the vitreous to cause a larger vitreous and shift lens and iris anteriorly

IOP no initially elevated

Anisocoria

Feline aqueous humor misdirection syndrome

How do you treat feline aqueous humor misdirection syndrome?

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors B-TID

Monitor IOP

Surgery if unresponsive

What is the surgery for feline aqueous humor misdirection sydrome?

Reroute the aqueous humor

What causes secondary feline cataracts?

Anterior uveitis

Trauma

Lens luxation

T/F feline cataracts are often primary?

False

What is the presentation for systemic hypertension?

Older cats with dilated pupils or vision loss

Systemic hypertension

What are the c/s of hypertensive retinopathy?

Hyphema

Vitreal hemorrhage

Retinal hemorrhages

Retinal detachment

Retinal vessel tortuosity

What is the etiology of hypertensive retinopathy?

Idiopathic

Chronic kidney disease

Hyperthyroidism

How do you diagnose hypertensive retinopathy?

Systolic blood pressure

CBC/Chem/UA/T4

How do you treat hypertensive retinopathy?

Amlodipine and treat the underlying condition

What can enrofloxacin cause in cats?

Retinal degeneration

What fluoroquinolone is safest for cats?

Pradofloxacin

T/F enrofloxacin can cause permanent blindness in cats?

True

What is an adverse effect of Polymixin B in cats?

Anaphylaxis

What is the most common feline primary intraocular tumor?

Diffuse iris melanoma

Describe diffuse iris melanoma in cats?

Always malignant

Slow to grow and causes secondary glaucoma

Diffuse iris melanoma

How do you distinguish diffuse iris melanoma from iris nevus?

Histopathology

Progressive growth

Likely iris nevus, not diffuse iris melanoma

Where does diffuse iris melanoma metastasis to?

Liver and lung late in disease

What is the prognosis of diffuse iris melaoma?

Dependent on location. If only in iris it is better

How do you treat diffuse iris melanoma?

Monitor

Diode laser ablation

Enucleation