Human Populations - APES

Demography

study of human populations

Delta N Formula

(B+I)-(D+E)

Crude Birth Rate

Number of live births per 1000 people in 1 year

Crude Death Rate

Number of live deaths per 1000 people in 1 year

Current Annual Population Change

0.9%

Annual Rate of Population Change Formula

BR-DR/10

5 Most Populous Countries

India, China, USA, Indonesia, Pakistan

Replacement-Level Fertility

Number of children a couple must have to replace themselves

Population Momentum

A population will continue to grow because of people entering reproductive years

Total Fertility Rate

Estimate of the number of children a woman will have

Baby Boomers

1946-1964

Generation X (Baby Bust)

1965-1980

Generation Y (Millenials)

1981-1996

Generation Z

1997-2012

Generation Alpha

2013-2025

Factors Affecting Birth Rate

education, affluence, child labor, urbanization, females in workforce, cost of raising children, high IMR, age of marriage, retirement plan, abortion availability, religion (Genesis 1:28), culture

Factors Affecting Increased Life Expectancy

better nutrition, better medical care, better hygiene/sanitation, clean water

Decreased Infant Mortality Rate

Number of infants per 1000 live births that die before their first birthday

Rapid Growth

flared-out base

Negative Growth

wider top

Zero Growth

straight sides

Stable Growth

rectangular

Implications of an Aging Population

fewer young people are burdened with supporting a growing number of older people

Reducing Births Cons

freedom of choice, we need more people

Reducing Births Pros

world fails to meet everyone’s basic needs, tech cannot keep up, climate change

Preindustrial

slow pop growth due to high DR and BR

Transitional

rapid pop growth due to high BR and low DR

Industrial

pop growth slows down due to increasing quality

Postindustrial

pop growth levels off and eventually declines 

Family Planning Pros

lower TFR, fewer abortions, fewer maternal/fetal deaths

Family Planning Cons

availability, men, prolifers vs. prochoicers

3 Things Slowing Population Growth

education, jobs, respect of women’s rights