personality psych

personality

characteristics, emotional responses, thoughts, and behaviors

personality trait

• enduring personal quality or attribute that influence behaviors across situations

The biological basis of personality

• personality traits are genetic

• genes predispose certain traits

tempermant

• generel tendency to feel or act a certain way

• activity level, emotional and socially

objective test

• questions you answer about your self

• more reliable

• best way to figure out personalilty

projective test

• showed pictures and then anaylize your response of what you think the picture is

Thenatic appreciation test

howing a person a set of pictures that are open to interpretation, and then asking them to make up stories about each one

major perspectives on personality

• psychodynamic theory

• humanstic theory

• cognitive social learning

• five factor model

psychodynamic theory

• freud

• personality is rooted in unconscious conflicts between desires and actual expereinces

• includes psychic determinism

psychic determinism

• everything has a cause

• good morning beheaded… beloved

freuds levels of consciousness

• ego

• superego

• id

id

• basic biological urges

• pleasire

ego

• balance between urges and rationality

• reality principle

superego

• consciousness

• family and societal rules

• not doing something because its not socially acceptable

defense mechanism

strategies used for people to avoid anxiety from psychological conflict

defense mechanism strategies

• displacement

• reaction formation

• rationalization

• projection

displacement

• desires cannot be fulfilled in one context and maybe displaced

• unfulfilled aggression from work taken out at home

reaction formation

blocked desires maybe replaced by behaviro that is oppisite of original intent

rationalization

• unaccaptable behavior may be reinterpreted as postive

• justifying your actions that are clearly wrong

projection

• ones blocked desires become projected onto another person

• you’re jealous of someone but you think they’re jealous of you

humanistic theory of personality

• what makes us human: free choice and self determination, growth potential, self-actualization

• hierarchy of needs

bandura’s social-cognitive theory

• emphasis on observation leaning in personality development

• introduced reciprocal determinism

• self efficacy

reciprocal determinism

• reciprocal interactions exist among cognition, environment, and behavior

• consider a student who is shy (personal factor). In a lively classroom (environment), they may feel uncomfortable and withdraw (behavior), which in turn may lead classmates to interact with them less

self efficacy

• the belief that one can perform adequately in a particular situation

• influences how much effort you expend and how long you persist in the face of difficult life situations

five factor model

• openness

• conscientiousness

• extraversion

• agreeableness

• neuroticism

opennes

• on the low end conforming, uncreative, practical

• on the high end unconforming creative imaginative

consientiousness

• low end: unreliable lazy and spntaneous

• high end: reliable ambitious punctual

extraversion

• low end: loner, quiet, reserved

• high end: sociable, talkative, affecionate

agreeableness

• low end: rude, uncooperative, critical

• high end: good natured, trusting, helpful

neuroticism

• low end: calm, even-tempered, secure

• high end: emotional temperamental, worried