ap env science

stupid dumb test friday

genetic diversity

Describes the amount of diversity within in the gene pool of a species.

species diversity

Describes the amount of diverse types of species in one area

habitat diversity

Describes the amount of different types of habitats within an ecosystem, or the world.

thrive in varied environments

generalist species

broad diet and resource use

generalist species

adapt well to environmental changes

generalist species

need specific conditions to survive

specialist species

narrow diet and resource use

specialist species

vulnerable to environmental changes

specialist species

provisioning

refers to the ecosystem services that provide resources humans can use, like food, water, timber, and medicines

"regulating" ecosystem services

processes that help control natural systems

Anthropogenic activity

refers to human actions or processes that impact the environment.

Which of the following affects a species' ecological tolerance?

Temperature and precipitation, competition within the species, habitat availability, or food resource availability.

What happens when an environmental disturbance shifts habitat conditions outside the range of tolerance of a species?

the species can move to a new habitat, the local population of the species move out, genetic diversity can help the species adapt to the new conditions

Which of the following is the best example of an exclusively natural (non-anthropogenic) ecosystem disturbance?

tornadoes

Which of the following DOES NOT contribute global to sea level rise?

increasing global temperature leading to more frequent precipitation

keystone species

a species that has a major impact on its ecosystem. if removed, can impact the rest of the animals

pioneer species

species to colonize ungrowing / disturbed environments ( like after a wildfire ) .

climax species

plants and animals that characterize the final, stable community of an ecosystem at the end of ecological succession.

indictator species

species who give early warning signs of damage or danger to a community

a non-native species that, when introduced to a new environment, can cause harm to the ecosystem, economy, or human health.

invasive species

These species are suited to their environment and help keep the ecosystem stable. In this community, there are many different species, and the ecosystem stays mostly the same until a major disturbance happens.

climax species

These species are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, so they act like a "biological warning system." If they thrive, the ecosystem is likely healthy; if they decline or disappear, it can signal pollution, climate change, or other environmental problems.

indicator species

These species often outcompete native species for resources like food and habitat, leading to declines in native populations.

invasive species

These species are strong and can survive in harsh conditions, helping to create soil and make the environment more suitable for other species to move in later. They "pave the way" for other plants and animals in the ecosystem.

pioneer species

Even though they may not be the most abundant, their presence is important for maintaining the balance and health of the environment. If they’re removed, it can cause dramatic changes, often leading to the collapse of the ecosystem.

keystone species

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of keystone species?

they have large population sizes

How do lichen & mosses initiate primary succession?

they secrete acids onto rocks, leading to chemical weathering

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of pioneer species?

high soil nutrient requirements

Which of the following is an example of a climax species?

maple trees, oak trees

Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species?

lichen, mosses

Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?

sea otters, wolves

Which of the following is an of a indicator species?

mayflies, lichens?/

Which of the following is NOT one of the three levels of biodiversity?

Richness

what does biodiversity literally mean

life - range of different things

Habitat loss is the number one cause of organism extinction.

With no habitat there is no food or shelter for many plants and animals

bottleneck effect

when a population size is decreased because of environment/humans, leading to less genetic diversity making it harder to adapt

species richness

the number of different species in an area

species evenness

relative abundance of each species

ecosystem loss

urbanization, glacier receding, mining, deforestation

species loss

invasive species, hunting, monocropping

genetic loss

geneticially modified organisms ( gmo ), inbreeding

regulating

nature controls things like air quality, climate, and water (e.g., trees clean the air)

provisioning

Nature gives us resources like food, water, and raw materials (e.g., fish, crops, wood).

cultural

Nature offers experiences that benefit people emotionally or spiritually (e.g., parks, hiking, sacred places).

supporting

Nature maintains essential processes, like soil formation and nutrient cycling, that allow other services to exist.

what goes first and fifth in range of tolerance

intolerance/death

what goes second and fourth in range of tolerance

zone of stress

what goes in the third/middle in range of tolerance

optimum range

Periodic

Happens at regular intervals (e.g., seasonal flooding in river systems).

Episodic

Occurs occasionally but not regularly (e.g., volcanic eruptions).

Random

Unpredictable and happens without warning (e.g., a lightning strike causing a wildfire).

primary secession

Starts on bare land with no soil, like after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat. Life gradually builds up from scratch, starting with pioneer species like lichens.

secondary secession

Happens in areas where an ecosystem has been disturbed but soil and some life remain, like after a forest fire or hurricane. The recovery is faster because life doesn’t need to start from scratch.

what substrate does primary sucession start on?

on rocks with no soils

what substrate does secondary sucession start on?

soil

stages of sucession

rock with no soil/soil, pioneer species ( small little plants / flowers ), intermediate species ( shrubs, small trees ), climax communty ( big ahh trees like oaktree )

resistance

ability to remain unchanged when subjected to disturbance

resillience

ability/rare of a ecosyystem to recover from a disturbance and to return to normal state

what makes modern damily change with anthropogenic causes different from previous natural change

frequency and intensity