Steel and Metals Review

Vocabulary flashcards about steel and other metals from lecture notes.

Steel

Metal alloy whose major component is Iron, with less than 2% carbon content.

Cast Iron

Alloys with higher carbon content greater than two percent [2%]

Carbon Steel

containing [3%-4%] alloys with less carbon

Most cost-effective alloying material for iron?

Carbon

Wrought Iron

Iron ore purified by repeatedly beating with a hammer or tool.

Ferrous Metals

Metals containing a substantial proportion of Iron, such as stainless steel and galvanized iron.

Non-Ferrous Metals

Metals that do not contain a substantial proportion of Iron, such as aluminum, copper, and zinc.

Primary Metals of Construction?

Aluminum

Copper

Steel (btw will rush so needs protective paint coating or galvanizing)

Hot Rolling

Method used to shape heavy steel beams and columns by heating steel and passing back and forth through a set of rollers.

Cold Forming

Method used to form thin steel components such as door frames and studs.

What does AISC stand for?

American Institute of Steel Construction

AISC Type 1

Rigid frame construction with shear and moment connections.

AISC Type 2

Simple frame construction with only shear connections.

AISC Type 3

Semi-rigid frame construction with shear and some moment resistance.

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)

Organization that promulgates standards for testing, materials, and methods of building construction.

AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction)

Not-for-profit technical institute and trade association established to serve the structural steel design community and construction industry.

Methods of forming structural metals?

hot rolling [rolled]

Structural steel shapes [members]?

cold forming [formed]

Method of forming Aluminum

Extrusion

What are light gauge metal framing (Light Gauge Metal Studs) used for?

interior walls and partitions

suspended ceiling systems | fascias | parapets |

back-up walls for exterior cladding

Welding (Steel Connection)

Method of joining steel members using heat to fuse the materials together.

Bolting (Steel Connection)

Method of joining steel members using mechanical fasteners.

Rivets / Riveted (Steel Connection)

Method of joining steel members by deforming a metal pin, called a rivet, to create a permanent connection. ??? CHECL

What is ASTM?

American Society for Testing and Materials

What does ASTM do?

an organization that promulgates standards for testing, materials, and methods of building construction

Steel Testing Types?

X -ray

self tensioning bolts

Types of Building stabilization methods

braced frame [diagonal bracing]

eccentrically braced frame [eccentric bracing]

moment resistance frame [moment connections]

shear walls [shear panels]

Braced Frame

Building stabilization method using diagonal members to resist lateral loads.

Moment Resistance Frame

Building stabilization method using moment connections to resist lateral loads.

Shear Walls

Building stabilization method using panels to resist lateral loads.

K-series Joist (most common)

Open web steel joist with spans up to 60' - depth ranges from 8" to 30".

LH-series Joist (long span)

Open web steel joist with spans up to 96'- depth ranges from 18" to 48".

DLH-series Joist (deep long span)

Open web steel joist with spans up to 144' - depth ranges from 52" to 72".

Ex of conventional foundation systems

continuous footings

shadow isolated spread footings

pile foundations

caissons

Pile Foundations

Foundation system that develops bearing capacity using sidewall friction by hammering structural elements into the earth.

Caissons

Foundation system augured into the earth in search of high bearing capacity and capped with concrete.

conventional pile foundations

pile foundations develop bearing capacity by hammering structural elements into the earth using sidewall friction. They are driven in sets of three or more and capped with concrete.

Common pile [foundation] members

treated wood

steel H sections

concrete

All 20 - 30 feet in depth typically

conventional caissons

caissons [foundations] are augured into the earth in search of high bearing capacity such as bedrock. They are capped with concrete.

Ex of caisson types?

diameters of 36" [3 feet] are common

some are sleeved to prevent cave-in

are filled with high strength concrete

typically, 50 to 60 feet and greater in depth

significant buildings 1

1851 | the Crystal Palace, London; Joseph Praxton | architect

significant buildings 2

1893 | the Home Insurance Company Building, Chicago; William LeBaron Jenney | architect

significant buildings 3

1887-89 | the Eiffel Tower, Paris; Gustave Eiffel | engineer + architect