Language Characteristics and Advanced Grammar Review

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering language definitions, the nature and characteristics of language, Jakobson's Model of communication, IPA sound symbols, and advanced grammar concepts including noun and verb phrases.

How is Language defined in the context of Verbal Communication?

The production of speech organs where humans are capable of reception of information, even in the shortest of time.

In the context of the Mental Process, why is human brain function considered different despite being biologically similar?

Because not all people communicate the same or use language the same way; it is an intent of thinking.

What is the primary focus of Linguistic Communication?

The parts of speech and language as a set of signs or symbols grounded on pure arbitrary functions.

According to Edward Sapir, what is the nature of language regarding species specificity?

Language is human, meaning only human beings are capable of acquiring language.

In which part of the brain does language function primarily?

The left hemisphere of the brain, seated on the cerebral cortex.

What are the two systemic categories of language?

The sound system and the system of symbols.

Why is speech considered primary and writing secondary in the nature of language?

Because language is spoken first before it is written.

Define the characteristic of 'Arbitrary' in language.

Language is a matter of convention with no plausible explanation or inherent relation as to how meanings are assigned.

What is 'Displacement' in the characteristics of human language?

The capability of narrating events and situations without actually living them at the moment; language is context-free.

Explain the 'Duality' characteristic of human language.

Language consists of two subsystems: sound system and meaning systems, where combinations follow fixed rules.

In Jakobson's Model, what is the 'Referential' function?

Associated with context, content, and the denotative or cognitive function of language.

Which function in Jakobson's Model is oriented towards the receiver using commands and requests?

Conative Function.

What is the 'Phatic Function' in communication?

The function used to keep communication open and maintain contact (channel).

Define the 'Metalingual Function' in Jakobson's Model.

The use of language to describe itself or talk about its features.

What IPA phonemic symbol represents the vowel in the word 'said'?

/ɛ/

What IPA phonemic symbol represents the vowel sound in 'south'?

/aU/

What IPA phonemic symbol represents the consonant sound in 'treasure'?

/ʒ/

What is the role of a 'Vocative' in a noun phrase?

The noun being directly addressed by the speaker.

What is an ‘Object Noun Predicate’ (ONP) or ‘Object Predicate’?

A noun that qualifies, describes, or renames the object that appears before it.

How is a 'Specifying' copula verb defined in a verb phrase?

A verb followed by a noun phrase or clause that identifies the subject noun, possessing a reciprocal property where $A=B$ and $B=A$.

What is an 'Ascriptive' copula verb?

A verb followed by an adjective or indefinite noun that describes a quality of the subject, where $A=B$ but $B \neq A$.

What distinguishes a 'Ditransitive' verb from other extensive verbs?

A ditransitive verb needs two objects: an indirect object and a direct object.

What is the difference between a Separable and Inseparable Transitive Phrasal Verb?

Separable phrasal verbs allow other words to be inserted into the middle, while Inseparable phrasal verbs cannot have a direct object inserted into the middle.