Muslim World

where jews worship

synagogue or Temple

where christians worship

chapel/church

where muslims worship

mosque

jewish holy book

Torah

christian holy book

Bible

muslim holy book

Quran

important leader in judaism

Yahweh

important leader in christianity

Abraham + Moses

important leader in islam

Muhammed + Allah

Arabia geography

Dry, impoverished, lacked usable resources, isolated by the seas; mostly desert some fertile land

Bedouins

Thrive in deserts, clans ruled by Sheikhs

Mecca

Pilgrimage center, polytheistic, where Kaaba is located.

Kaaba

Site of God to which Muslims must take a pilgrimage to at least once in their life

Muhammad

The prophet of Islam

Hijra

Muhammad being driven from Mecca to Medina

5 Pillars of Islam

Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj.

Shahada

States that there is no other God besides Allah and Muhammad is his messenger

Salat

States that Muslims must pray 5 times a day

Zakat

States that Muslims must donate to charity

Sawm

States that Muslims must fast on special occasions

Hajj

States that every Muslim must complete a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life

Caliph

Spiritual leader of faith

caliphate

Islamic state ruled by a supreme leader

Jizya

Tax non-Muslims paid

Ulama

Scholarly elite who established the theological doctrine of Islam

Imams

Prayer leaders in the Islamic community

Sharia Law

religious legal system to maintain public affairs and social order

A division in Islam that occurred in 661 due to rival groups fighting for control

Sunni & Shia Split

Shi'ites

Supporters of Ali = believed the caliph should be a member of Muhammad's family

Sunnis

Believed that the caliph should be elected from Muhammad's tribe

Martyr

someone who dies for their religion and is looked upon as a hero

the first Islamic dynasty (known as the largest, unified, and wealthy)

Umayyad Dynasty

established coining currency and made Arabic the common language of the empire

Abd Al Malik

longest lasting dynasty

ottoman empire

500 years of ruling that had many cultural and scientific advancements

Islamic Golden Age

city where the Abbasids ruled

baghdad

muslim expnasion into spain was stopped because of this

battle of tours

decline of Abbasid Dynasty

splintering & conflicts between Sunni and Shia.

Hadiths

Traditions, actions, and sayings ascribed to Muhammad

Ali

leader of Shi'ites

established Umayyad dynasty

Mu'awiya

Military commanders who reduced the power of caliphs

amirs

islamic empires fragmented into

regional empires

Regionalism

lots of different smaller empires in different regions

established himself as caliph of cordoba + cut off ties with abbasids because he believes he is the rightful caliph

Abdelramen

the period in which christians south to unify spain by pushing out muslims and jews

Spanish Reconquista

shi'ite dynasty in egypt that descended from fatima (Muhammad's daughter)

fatimids

first major turkish dynasty in islam - focused in Iraq & invaded turkey

seljuks

leader of mongols

ghengis khan

a dynasty Mongols created in Iran when they Mongols converted

Ilkhanids

examples of islamic cultural achievements

public libraries, arabic numerals, algebra + trig, mosques, germ theory, quarantined the sick, developed hospitals, surgically removed cataracts, made maps, etc.

Sufism

a mystical Islamic belief system focused on total dedication to Allah and worship

how did islamic culture spread to northwestern europe

books & trade

how did Islam spread to India

trade routes, music, poetry, and dance

period in which islam spread to india and established an identity in the northwestern region

Delhi Sultanate

a religion that blended elements of islam + hinduism (one God, karma, rebirth)

sikhism

founded the Mughal Empire

Babar

Mughal emperor who removed jizya + was religiously tolerant

Akbar the Great

emperor who reinstated jizya + enforced shafria law

Aurangzeb

empires considered "Gunpowder Empires"

Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires

empire known for its military technology, diverse population, and conquest of constantinople in 1453

Ottoman Empire

christian boys whose lands had been conquered gave service as an elite fighting force or high government officials

Janissaries

self governed under their own religious laws territories that have to pay taxes including the jizya if it was a non muslim millet

millets

emperor of the safavid empire

Shah Abbas I

which emperor sought alliances with europeans

Shah Abbas I

capital of safavid empire (known as center of arts and trade)

Isfahan

most influential leader of ottoman empire. organized legal system by creating cannon laws

Suleyman the Magnificent

muslims were based on their occupation known as a

caste

who was military led by in ottoman empire

sultan

how did the schism between sunni and shiite begin

death of muhammad

messages of the quran

• there is only one God

• moral responsibility/accountability

• social equality

bedouins were ruled by

sheikhs

the right four "right guided caliphs"

1. Abu Bakr (632-634)

2. Umar (634-644)

3. Uthman (644-656)

4. Ali (656-661

factors that played into the success of islam's region expansion

• strong military leaders

• relief from byzantine oppression

• economic equality

• unifying source

where muhammad received revelations

mecca

capital of umayyad empire

damascus (syria)

slave delhi sultans ruled out of

india

the city that remains christian until it is attacked/sacked by ottomans

istanbul

where safavids were located

iran

capital of fatimids

cairo (in egypt)

capital of abbasids

baghdad (iraq)

islam spread after who's death

muhammad

muslims do NOT believe in

baptism

true or false marriage is a pillar of islam

false

mongols were located in

iran + iraq

first caliph after muhammad's death

abu bakr

where muhammad was raised

mecca

the holiest site in mecca

kaaba

major trade route during this time

silk road

why did seljuk turks want to break free from abassids

because seljuks were turks and abbasids were arab

slave army that shah abbas I had

ghulam

the literal meaning of "islam"

submission

the entirety of the muslim community; brought together by their religion

umma

were sunnis or shiites majority

sunnis

accomplishment of umayyad dynasty

coinage system + thriving commercial center

accomplishments of abbasid dynasty

algebra, trig, public libraries, germ theory, etc.

what type of goods were traded in the muslim network

gold, salt, ivory, sandalwood, spices, grain, textiles, etc.

suleyman the magnificent key accomplishment

expanding the territory by conquering constantinople

where did ottoman empire rule

southeast europe

accomplishments of safavid empire

expanding trade, strong central government, notable structures