Chapter 3 Patho: Cell adaption

Cellular Adaption

the cell's response to stress that allows it to escape or protect itself from injury.

Atrophy

cell will adapt by decreasing size (smaller)

Hypertrophy

cell will adapt by increasing size (bigger)

Hyperplasia

cell number will increase (more cells)

Metaplasia

mature cell will switch to another less mature cell type

Dysplasia

Abnormal cellular growth

• atypical hyperplasia

Physiologic Atrophy

a normal and expected cell adaption

Ex: occurs from decreased cell activity

Pathologic Atrophy

occurs because of disease or abnormal conditions

Disuse

prolonged bed rest and immobilization

Physiologic Hypertrophy

cells increase in size as a normal adaptive response

Ex: weight training/working out

Hyperplasia

increase in cell number caused by increased cellular division

Physiologic Hyperplasia

natural increase in cell number

2 Types:

• compensatory

• hormonal

Compensatory Hyperplasia

allows an organ to regenerate (natural)

Ex: Liver regeneration

Hormonal Hyperplasia

hormones stimulate cells to divide and produce additional tissue (natural)

Ex: Breast enlargement during pregnancy

Pathologic Hyperplasia

occurs because of excessive hormonal stimulation or growth-factor effects on a target tissue. (abnormal)

BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia

prostate enlarges bc of increase cellular # —> enlarge and protrude into bladder —> interfering with urinary flow

Dysplasia

abnormal cellular growth

(atypical hyperplasia

• abnormal size, shape, organization

Cervical dyplasia

abnormal cellular growth in cervix and is often linked to HPV infection

Metaplasia

 reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type.
(Switching)

Cellular Injury

when a cell experiences stress that is too severe to adapt.

2 Types:

• reversible

• irreversible

Reversible Injury

cells recover if stress is removed

Irreversible

Cells CANNOT recover and eventually dies

Hypoxia

lack of oxygen