Biology 15 Lecture Outline and Study Guide: Evolution

Question-and-answer review flashcards covering Charles Darwin, natural selection, evidence of evolution, and key evolutionary concepts based on the Biology 15 lecture outline.

how to views on the history of earth and the natural of species change leading up to Darwin’s time

Pre-1800s views held that the Earth was young and species were unchanging, though 1700s fossil discoveries and expanding geology began to challenge this.

Describe Darwin’s on the H.M.S beagel and explain the significance in the development of his idea about evolution

Views shifted to accepting that species change over time (evolution) and that an old Earth changed through slow processes.

Outlined the two major points that Darwin made in one of the “organ origin of species”

Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in England and was a naturalist.

explain how the process of nature natural selection leads to evolution

It was a five-year voyage spanning from 1831 to 1836.

what is artificial selection and how does it differ from natural selection?

He observed that island species were similar to mainland species and that certain types of species were not present.

Evolution

All of Darwin's finches belong to Thraupidae (Tanagers).

Unity

Alfred Russel Wallace.

diversity

Descent with modification (evolution) and natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.

natural selection

1) Populations produce more individuals than can survive. 2) Competition is a factor for all living things.

artificial selection

Favorable variations are naturally selected; individuals with variations best suited to their environment survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits to the next generation.

adaptation

1) Individuals don't evolve. 2) Natural selection works with heritable traits. 3) Evolution does not have a goal or direction.

fossils

Artificial selection occurs when humans select for specific desired traits in organisms, a practice humans have used for millennia.

Geographic distribution

Evidence includes adaptation/natural selection in action, the fossil record, geographic distribution (biogeography), comparative anatomy, and DNA and bioinformatics.

Comparative anatomy

Microevolution, macroevolution, gene pools, genetic drift, gene flow, sexual selection, heritability, biogeography, bottleneck, and founder effect.

DN

Bioinformatics

Micro evolution

Macro evolution

Gene Pools

Gene flow

Sexual selection

Heritability

Biogeography

Bottleneck

Founder effect