Social 30-1 imported quizlet

ideology

set of organized beliefs about the world that a group of people accept as true

Thomas Hobbes

English philosopher who lived from 1588 to 1679; thought humans were essentially bad, and that people should give up their freedom to authoritarianism

John Locke

philosopher who lived from 1632 to 1704, who believed in a government that protects private property and individual rights & freedoms with little interference; thought humans were generally good, bound by natural moral law

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

philosopher who lived from 1712 to 1778, helped influence Enlightenment in France + the French Revolution; thought humans were neither moral nor vicious, and believed in the common good

representative democracy

elected officials make democratic decisions on behalf of a group of people

individualism

personal freedom and self-interest are prioritized

collectivism

well-being of a group is more important than each individual in it

divine right of kings

by the will of God, a monarch has the right to rule over his people (only God determines if the king is unjust or not)

beliefs and values

individual convictions one holds about the nature of the world, their relationship to it, and the basic qualities of human beings

personal identity

one person's own personality, influenced by race, family, friends, values, beliefs, etc.

collective identity

sense of belonging by shared social interactions and opinions

worldview

a perspective on life or of the world

totalitarian

centralized government, where citizens give up much of their freedom

hegemony

leadership or dominance, especially by one country over another

pluralism

system where 2+ states, groups, or authorities coexist

progressivism

philosophy where advancement in science, technology, economic development, and social organization is necessary to improve the human condition

adherence to collective norms

faithfully following standards imposed on the group (e.g. conduct, values, appearance)

collective interest

set of interests the group shares

collective responsibility

holding the whole group responsible for the actions of an individual

common good

well being of society as a whole

competition

contending with others, an incentive to work harder and more efficiently

cooperation

working together to the same end

economic equality

when divisions between income and wealth are lessened

economic freedom

able to buy what you want, and to sell your labor, idea, or product to whomever you wish

individual rights and freedoms

important part of liberal democracies: freedom of religion, freedom of association, right to life, liberty, and security of person, etc.

private property

individuals own property & intellectual property

public property

state owns property

rule of law

everyone is equal in the eyes of the court

self-interest

one's own interest or advantage

autonomy

individual freedom from outside authority

self-reliance

being solely responsible for one's own well-being

NGOs

non governmental organization: neither part of government or a for-profit business, usually run by ordinary citizens and can be funded by government, foundations, or business'

fascism

dictatorial capitalism; economic freedom with maximum political control by one party

conservatism

preference for existing order of society; maintaining the status quo

liberalism

collection of ideologies all committed to the principle of dignity and freedom of individual as the foundation of society, with decentralized government

socialism

preference for more government control in the economy

communism

dictatorial socialism; government control over all economic affairs, with maximum political control

reactionary

opposed to change, revert back to the past

conservative

keep things the same

moderate

okay with some minor changes

liberal

favors some changes

radical

favors far-reaching changes