Comps Anatomy Listing Questions

5 functions of blood

1. Transport

2. Temperature control

3. Control pH

4. Control Water Balance

5. Infection Defense

4 basic tissues

1. Epithelial

2. Connective

3. Muscular

4. Nervous

Located in the cervical triangle:

Common carotid

Internal Jugular vein

Vagus nerve

The Axilla contains:

Brachial Plexus

Axillary Artery

Axillary Vein

axillary artery

The____________ is located just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle

Axillary artery or Brachial artery

The _________ or _______ would be used for sectional embalming of the upper extremity

Superior and Medial

The heart is _________ to the diaphragm and _________ to the lungs

Endocardium

The inner layer of the heart:

Myocardium

The middle (muscle) layer of the heart:

Epicardium

The outermost layer of the heart:

Pericardium

sac covering the heart

Tricuspid

The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle:

Bicuspid (Mitral)

The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle:

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

The valve between the right ventricle and the Pulmonary Artery:

Aortic Semilunar Valve

The valve between the left ventricle and the Ascending Aorta:

right ventricle

After blood passes through the tricuspid valve it will be in the:

left ventricle

After blood passes through the mitral (bicuspid) valve, it will be in the:

pulmonary artery

After blood passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve, it will be in the:

ascending aorta

After blood passes through the aortic semilunar valve, it will be in the:

right atrium (which is also the center of drainage

The part of the heart that receives venous blood returning from all parts of the body EXCEPT the lungs is the….

Left Atrium (the only veins that carry oxygenated blood)

Blood returns to the heart from the lungs through four (4) Pulmonary Veins into the…..

basilic vein

The __________ lies on the medial side of the brachial artery and terminates in the axillary vein. (it is the accompanying vein of the brachial artery.)

subclavian vein

The axillary vein terminates into the:

subclavian vein

The external jugular vein terminates by emptying into the:

brachiocephalic vein

The internal jugular vein joins the subclavian vein to become the:

superior vena cava

The right and left brachiocephalic veins join to form the _______________(which empties into the right atrium of the heart)

Portal system

A system that begins and ends in capillaries is known as a:

Hepatic Portal System

The ___________ is a system that begins & ends in capillaries and terminates in the liver

**The Hepatic Portal System receives venous blood from the internal organs and the hepatic veins terminate into the inferior vena cava

The venous route from the lower extremities to the inferior vena cava is…

the lesser saphenous vein; the popliteal vein, the femoral vein, the external iliac vein, to the inferior vena cava, to the right atrium of the heart.

**(If blood from the foot returns through the greater saphenous vein, it by-passes the popliteal vein and goes directly into the femoral vein, then to the external iliac vein, common iliac vein, into the inferior vena cava)

Other veins that empty into (are tributaries to) the inferior vena cava are:

Gonadal veins (testicular & ovarian)

Renal veins

Adrenal veins

Hepatic veins

Veins

– return un-oxygenated blood to the heart

Veins that take blood to the right atrium

Inferior Vena Cava (from the lower part of the body)

Superior Vena Cava (from the head and upper part of the body)

Coronary Sinus (from the heart muscle)

Arteries

carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

The layers of the arteries are the:

tunica intima - (inner layer)

tunica media - (middle layer)

tunica externa (adventitia) – outer layer

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

When blood leaves the heart, it flows through the _________________back to the heart

The Aorta has 3 branches

Brachiocephalic Artery - to right upper extremity & rt. side of the head

Left Common Carotid Artery – to left side of head/neck

Left Subclavian Artery - to left upper extremity

(**an occlusion, such as a thrombus in an artery, would obstruct blood flow to the area that the artery is supplying**)

brachiocephalic artery

The origin of the right common carotid artery is the _______________

vertebral arteries; foramen magnum

The ____________ originate off the subclavian arteries, go around the back of the neck through the top vertebrae and ___________, to terminate into the basilar to the brain.

(An occlusion of the vertebral artery would restrict blood flow to the brain)

The connecting arteries to the Circle of Willis:

***The Circle of Willis includes:

Rt. & Lt. Anterior Cerebral Arteries

Rt. & Lt. Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Rt. & Lt. Posterior Communicating Arteries

Rt. & Lt. Internal Carotid Arteries

Anterior Communicating Artery

The Aorta continues to become the Thoracic Aorta ——> the Abdominal Aorta —→ Common Iliacs

diaphragm (the major muscle of respiration)

The phrenic artery supplies blood to the?

coronary arteries

comes off the ascending aorta

bronchial arteries

comes off the thoracic aorta

renal arteries

comes off the abdominal aorta

inferior mesenteric artery

comes off the abdominal aorta

The Celiac Artery

is an unpaired visceral branch of the Abdominal Aorta which provides blood to the stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas

There are 3 unpaired visceral branches off the abdominal aorta:

1. the Celiac Artery – branches to the spleen, stomach, & liver

2. the Superior Mesenteric – supplies the right side of the colon

3. the Inferior Mesenteric – supplies the left side of the colon

Blood tracing to the right arm

1. Aortic Arch

2. Brachiocephalic Artery

3. Subclavian Artery

4. Axillary Artery

5. Brachial Artery

6. Branches - Radial Artery (lateral - thumb side) & Ulnar Artery (medial side). Ulnar forms superficial palmar arch which loops around & connects with the radial artery.

7. Digital Arteries – to the fingers

Blood tracing to the left arm

1. Aortic Arch

2. Left Subclavian Artery

3. Axillary Artery

4. Brachial Artery

5. Branches - Radial Artery (lateral - thumb side) & Ulnar Artery (medial side). Ulnar forms superficial palmar arch which loops around & connects with the radial artery.

6. Digital Arteries – to the fingers

thenar eminence

The radial artery goes to the thumb and is in the lateral forearm; ends at the?

hypothenar eminence (pisiform bone)

The ulnar artery is in the medial forearm and goes toward the 4th and 5th fingers) ends at the?

Lies Lateral to the carpi ulnaris muscle

approx. 1 inch below

The origin of the radial and ulnar arteries is ______________the cubital fossa (inner elbow)

Blood tracing to the right leg or left leg

1. Thoracic Aorta

2. Abdominal Aorta

3. Common Iliacs

4. External Iliac Artery

5. Femoral

6. Popliteal Artery

7. Bifercates into Anterior Tibial & Posterior Tibial Arteries.

8. The Anterior Tibial Artery (shin side) extends to become the Dorsalis Pedis Artery (top of foot) to Arcuate Artery to (big toe) & branches (Digital Arteries) to toes.

9. The Posterior Tibial Artery (the Peroneal Artery branches off the posterior tibial to the calf muscles [gastrocnemius]) continues to the back of the foot & bifurcates into the Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries to the Digital Arteries.

psoas major muscle

The external iliac artery lies along the medial border of the?

inject the lower extremity

The external iliac artery or femoral artery would be used to?

internal iliac

The ________ supplies blood to the pelvic organs

External iliac artery (located in the thigh)

The femoral artery is a continuation of the?

inguinal ligament

The femoral artery originates at the?

popliteal artery

The femoral artery terminates into the?

adductor canal

The femoral artery runs through the?

adductor magnus muscle

The popliteal artery originates off the femoral artery at the?

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

The popliteal artery terminates by bifurcating into the?

transverse plane (horizontal)

The _____________ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

sagittal plane

The ____________ results in right and left parts

mid-sagittal (median plane)

The ____________ cuts the body into equal halves (right and left parts)

median plane

The ___________ is associated with bilateral symmetry

(It would be used to create bilateral symmetry for the eyebrows)

frontal or coronal plane

The ___________ cuts the body into front and back parts

axial and appendicular

The two divisions of the skeleton are called the _______________ divisions

the skull, hyoid bone, thorax and the spine (80 bones)

The axial skeleton includes

the upper extremities, pectoral girdle, lower extremities, & pelvic girdle (126 bones)

The appendicular skeleton includes

213 bones

The baby has?

The baby has 6 fontanels

-The anterior fontanel is the front on top of the head (Bregmatic)

Anterior Fontanel (1) (Also called Bregmatic)

Posterior Fontanel (1)

Anterior Lateral (2)

Posterior Lateral (2)

There are 8 cranial bones

frontal

2 parietal

2 temporal

occipital

sphenoid

ethmoid

temporal

The _________ bones are located within the cranium

Squama

The flat part of the temporal bone is the?

parietals & frontal

The _______ and _______ bone are located in the cranium

ethmoid & sphenoid

The _______ and ______ bones are located in the cranium

Occipital

The _________ bone is located in the craium

There are 14 facial bones

2 nasal bones

2 lacrimal bones

vomer bone

2 zygomatic bones

2 palatine bones

2 maxillary bones

mandible

2 inferior nasal concha

Nose

The conchae are 2 bones of the?

**The nasal conchae are facial bones

vomer

The _____ bone is located in the face

cervical vertebrae

Spinal bones in the neck?

humerus

The ________ is the large bone of the upper arm

glenoid cavity

The __________ is the depression on the scapula that the head of the humerus fits into

Pharynx —> Larynx —> Trachea —> Bronchi —>Lung —> Aveoli

Air from the nose to the lungs:

external and internal

Respiration is divided into ____________respiration

cardiac sphincter valve

The opening into the stomach ?

pyloric sphincter valve

The exit from the stomach ?

fundus (the most superior portion) (located in the Left. Hypochondriac region)

The upper left portion ?

lesser curvature

The upper right (medial margin)?

greater curvature

The lower left (lateral margin)?

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (in that order)

The small intestines consist of the?

Liver

The ______is the major organ for detoxification and also produces bile (the largest gland in the body)

buccinator

The _________muscle is also called the trumpeters muscle or the peanut butter muscle.

gastrocnemius

The ________ is the calf muscle

Biceps femoris

__________ is a muscle of the lower extremity

Biceps Brachii

________ is a muscle of the upper extremity

graafian follicle

The ovarian follicle is also known as the?

seminiferous tubules in the testes. Spermatozoa leaving the testes go through the epididymis to the vas deferens, to the ejaculatory duct to the urethra.

Spermatozoa are formed in the?

Glands, Hair, & Nails

Derivatives of the integumentary system include ?

Blood Tracing (Fetus)

Foramen Ovale - opening in the fetal heart between the right and left atrium. This opening closes at birth and is then called the Fossa Ovalis

Ductus Venosus - by-passes the liver taking blood directly to the inferior vena cava. This vessel atrophies when the cord is tied and becomes the Ligamentum Venosum in the adult.

Ductus Arteriosus - opening between the pulmonary artery and the aortic arch. It closes after birth and becomes the Ligamentum Arteriosum.