Year 10 Exam Revision - General Science (Aerodynamics)

What is an independent variable?

Changed by experimenter

What is a dependent variable?

Measured result

What is a controlled variable?

Kept constant

What variable goes on the x-axis?

Independent variable

What variable goes on the y-axis?

Dependent variable

What is the purpose of controlled variables?

Fair test

What is a hypothesis?

Testable prediction

What must a hypothesis include?

IV and DV

What is a trial?

One test attempt

Why do we repeat trials?

Increase reliability

What increases reliability?

More trials

What increases accuracy?

Better equipment

What increases precision?

Consistent measurements

What type of error is inconsistent?

Random error

What type of error is consistent?

Systematic error

What reduces systematic error?

Calibration

What reduces random errors?

Averaging results

Which piece of equipment measures volume most accurately?

Measuring cylinder

Which instrument measures mass?

Electronic balance

What equipment measures temperature?

Thermometer

What equipment measures time?

Stopwatch

What container is best for heating?

Beaker

What container gives most precise volume?

Measuring cylinder

What container is least precise for volume?

Beaker

What equipment is used to mix things in?

Beaker

What equipment is used to swirl liquid in?

Conical flask

What equipment measures small masses?

Electronic balance

Which equipment would you use for 25 mL?

Measuring cylinder

Which equipment would you use for 200 mL?

Beaker

Which graph shows change over time?

Line graph

Which graph compares categories?

Bar graph

What does the title of a graph include?

Summary of data

What must axes include?

Labels and units

What are units?

Measurement symbols

What is a trend?

Overall pattern

What does a steep line show?

Fast change

What does a flat line show?

No change

What is an outlier?

Odd result

How should outliers be treated?

Ignored in averages but talked about

What does “rate” describe?

Speed of change

What do you infer from data?

Conclusion

What makes results valid?

Controlled variables

What makes results reliable?

Repeated trials

Which variable do you measure?

Dependent

Which variable do you change?

Independent

Which variable stays the same?

Controlled

What tool measures gas volume?

Gas syringe

What item measures small liquid drops?

Pipette

What item holds precise small volumes?

Pipette

Which container allows easy pouring?

Beaker

Which instrument measures length?

Ruler

What should be included in a method?

Step-by-step procedure

What is the purpose of a control?

Comparison baseline

What should you use to measure 1 g?

Electronic balance

What should you use to measure 1 mL?

Measuring cylinder/pipette

What is plotted on a scatter graph?

Two variables

What does correlation describe?

Relationship direction

What shows stronger correlation on a scatter plot?

Tighter clustering

How do you find average?

Add then divide

What is qualitative data?

Descriptive data

What is quantitative data?

Number data

Mia needs to measure 100 mL of hydrochloric acid. What equipment should be used for the most accuracy?

Measuring cylinder

Tom wants to heat 250 mL of water quickly. Which container should he use?

Beaker

Sara is recording temperature every 10 seconds during a reaction. Which instrument should she use?

Thermometer

Alex wants to measure 0.5 g of salt precisely. Which tool should he use?

Electronic balance

Liam needs to measure 15 mL of solution for a reaction. Which is best?

Pipette

Emma is observing plant growth over 2 weeks. Which graph should she use?

Line graph

Noah is comparing the heights of three different plants. Which graph is best?

Bar graph

Olivia wants to mix a 50 mL solution thoroughly. Which equipment should she use?

Beaker

Ethan wants to swirl a liquid without spilling. Which container should he use?

Conical flask

Sophia is collecting gas from a reaction. What tool is most suitable?

Gas syringe

James wants to measure 200 mL of water accurately for a titration. Which equipment should he use?

Measuring cylinder

Isabella needs to measure 1 drop of an indicator. Which tool is most precise?

Dropper

Mason wants to measure the mass of a small metal sample. Which instrument should he use?

Electronic balance

Ava is comparing the reaction times of different enzymes. Which graph shows change over time best?

Line graph

Lucas wants to pour 150 mL of acid safely into a flask. Which container helps avoid spills?

Beaker

What is reliability?

Consistency of results

What is accuracy?

How close the measurement is to its true value

What is precision? 

How similar results are to each other 

What is a control?

The original that you compare something to