Intro to Criminal Justice Midterm

what is the difference between mala in se and mala prohibita crimes?

Mala in se crimes are inherently wrong and immoral, such as murder or rape, while mala prohibita crimes are not inherently wrong but are prohibited by law, such as drug possession or traffic violations.

what are the three goals of the criminal justice systems?

preventing crime, doing justice, and controlling crime.

what is meant by evidence based practices?

Evidence-based practices refer to strategies and interventions in criminal justice that are based on empirical research and data, aimed at improving outcomes and effectiveness in crime prevention and rehabilitation.

what is a key feature of federalism?

A key feature of federalism is the division of power between national and state governments, allowing each to operate independently within their own jurisdictions.

what powers does the national government have in the area of criminal justice?

enforcement of federal criminal laws

what factors have caused the expansion of federal laws and involvement in criminal justice?

the expansion of criminal activities across state borders, efforts to combat terrorism, cyberattacks, and international criminal activities

1st amendment

protects freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

2nd amendment

protects the right to keep and bear arms.

3rd amendment

prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent.

4th amendment

protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th amendment

provides the right against self-incrimination and ensures due process of law.

6th Amendment

guarantees the right to a fair trial, including the right to counsel and an impartial jury.

7th amendment

guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases.

8th amendment

prohibits excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

9th amendment

protects rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.

10th Amendment

reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people.

11th Amendment

restricts lawsuits against states in federal courts.

12th amendment

revises the presidential election process, ensuring separate ballots for President and Vice President.

What is a system?

A complex whole made up of interdependent parts who’s actions are directed towards goals and influenced by the environment within which they function

What are the subsystems of the criminal justice system?

Law enforcement, courts, and corrections.

What is one example of an exchange relationship?

A plea bargain between a defendant and prosecutor.

what are major characteristics of the criminal justice system?

discretion, resource dependence, sequential tasks, filtering

what are the four main duties of police?

keeping the peace, apprehending violators and combating crime, preventing crime, providing social services

what is a dual court system?

A system of justice in the United States where two separate court systems exist: federal and state courts, each with its own jurisdiction.

what are the major types of state and local correctional facilities and programs? What types of organizations operate them?

State prisons, local jails, probation programs, and parole systems are the major types of correctional facilities and programs. They are operated by state and local government agencies, as well as private for profit and non-profit organizations.

What are the steps of the criminal justice process?

The steps include investigation, arrest, booking, charging, initial appearance, preliminary hearing/grand jury, indictment/information arraignment, trial, sentencing, appeals, corrections, release

What is the purpose of the wedding cake model?

To show that not all cases are treated equally or processed in an identical fashion

What are the main features of the crime control model and the due process model?

The crime control model emphasizes efficient apprehension and punishment of criminals, prioritizing public safety. In contrast, the due process model focuses on protecting individual rights and ensuring fair treatment within the legal system.

What is meant by racial or ethnic disparities in criminal justice?

That racial and ethnic minorities are subjected to the criminal justice system at a much higher rate than the white majority

What explanation put forward to account for racial and ethnic disparities is most clearly NOT supported by evidence?

The fact that minorities commit more crime, evidence points to a racial bias in the system