Med Term Ch 10 Study Flashcards

what is the term for a minor form of epileptic seizure

absence seizure

what is the term for the neurotransmitter that causes skeletal muscles to contract

acetylocholine

what is the term for the nerve that carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from receptors

afferent nerves

what is the term for “without movement”

akinetic

what is the combining form of excessive sensitivity to pain

-algesia

what is the term for the disease characterized by deterioration of mental capacity (dementia) beginning in middle age; cerebral cortex atrophy, microscopic neurofibrillary tangles

alzheimer’s disease

what is the term for the condition of no sensation of pain (can be accompanies by sedation without loss of consciousness)

analgesia

what is the term for being born with no brain

anencephaly

what is the term for the conditino of no nervous sensation

anesthesia

what is the term for agents that reduce or eliminate sensation

anesthetics

what is the term for an inability to speak

aphasia

what is the term for the inability to carry out familiar purposeful movements (in the absence of paralysis or sensory or motor impairment)

apraxia

what is the term for the middle layer of the meninges surroudning the brain and spinal cord

arachnoid membrane

what is the term for the type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

astroctye

what is the term for no muscular coordination (often caused by cerebellar dysfunction)

ataxia

what is the term for having a peculiar sensation appearing before more definite symptoms

aura

what is the term for the body system that contains nerves that control involuntary body functions or muscles, glands, and internal organs

autonomic nervous system

what is the term for the microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

axon

what is the term for a common condition that causes unilateral facial paralysis that mimics a stroke

bell’s palsy

what is the term for the group of blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter brain tissue and keep others out

blood-brain barrier (BBB)

what is the term for slowness of movement

bradykinesia

what is the term for the central portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord

brainstem

what is the term for the collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

cauda equina

what is the combining form of the word “burning”

caus/o

what is the term for a burning sensation of pain

causalgia

what is the term for the part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

cell body

what is the term for the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

central nervous system (CNS)

what is the term for a headache (head pain)

cephalgia

what is the combining form of the word “cerebellum”

cerebell/o

what is the term for “pertaining to the cerebellum”

cerebellar

what is the term for “pertaining to the cerebellum and the pons”

cerebellopontine

what is the term for the posterior part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance

cerebellum

what is the combining form of the word “cerebrum”

cerebr/o

what is the three major regions of the brain

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

what is the largest part of the brain

cerebrum

what is the term for an xray record of blood vessels within the brain

cerebral angiography

what is the term for the outer region of the cerebrum, contains sheets of nerves

cerebral cortex

what is the term for breakage of a blood vessel within the brain

cerebral hemorrhage

what is the term for paralysis and loss of muscular coordination caused by brain damage in perinatal period

cerebral palsy

what is the term for fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord and is located within ventricles of the brain

cerebrospinal fluid

what is the term for the condition caused by either a cerebral aneurysm, thrombosis, hemorrhage

cerebrovascular accident (CVA), stroke

what is the combining form of the word “deep sleep”

comat/o

what is the term for being in a state of coma (profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused, may be due to trauma, disease, or action of ingested toxic substance)

comatose

what is the term for the twelve pairs of nerves that carry message to and from the brain

cranial nerves

what is the term for mental decline and deterioration

dementia

what is the term for the microscopic branching fiber of the nerve cell that first receives the nervous impulse

dendrite

what is the term for the neurtransmitter that is lacking in parkinson’s disease

dopamine

what is the combining form of the word “dura mater”

dur/o

what is the term for the thick, outermost layer of the meninges

dura mater

what is the term for involuntary, spasmodic movements

dyskinesia

what is the term for a common disorder of reading, writing, and learning

dyslexia

what is the term for the motor nerve that carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord

efferent nerve

what is the term for a piece of clot that breaks off and travels in bloodstream, usually blocking circulation in a smaller vessel

embolism

what is the combining form of the word “brain”

encephal/o

what is the term for inflammation of the brain

encephalitis

what is the general term for any disease of the brain

encephalopathy

what is the term for the glial (neuroglial) cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord; helps form cerebrospinal fluid

ependymal cell

what is the term for the collection of blood above the dura mater

epidural hematoma

what is the term for a sudden, transient disturbance of brain function marked by seizures due to excessive firing of nervous impulses

epilepsy

what is the combining form of the word “feeling, nervous sensation”

esthesi/o

what is the term for the manner of walking

gait

what is the term for a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

ganglion (plural: ganglia)

what is the combining form of the word “glial cells”

gli/o

what is the term for the supportive and connective type of nerve cell, does not carry nervous impulses

glial cell (neuroglial cell)

what is the term for a highly malignant brain tumor of the support cells in the nervous system

glioma, glioblastoma, glioblastoma multiforme

what is one cause of polyneuritis due to sequelae of certain viral infections with paresthesias and muscular weakness

guillain-barre syndrome

what is the term for the elevated portion of the cerebral cortex, sheet of nerve cells that produce a rounded gold on the surface of the brain

gyrus (plural: gyri)

what is the term for slight paralysis in either the right of left half of the body

hemiparesis

what is the term for paralysis in half of the body

hemiplegia

what is the term for the collection of fluid in the ventricles of the brain

hydrocephalus

what is the term for a diminished sensation to pain

hypalgesia

what is the term for excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli

hyperesthesia

what is the term for excessive movement (muscular activity)

hyperkinesis

what is the term for the portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland secretions, sleep, appetite, water balance, and body temperature

hypothalamus

what is the term for placement of substances (medication) into the subarachnoid space

intrathecal inejction

what is the combining form of the word “movement”

kines/o

what is the sufix that means “seizure”

-lepsy

what is the combining form of the word “thin”

lept/o

what is the term for “pertaining to the pia mater and arachnoid membranes of the meninges”

leptomeningeal

what is the term for inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord

leptomeningitis

what is the combining form of “word”

lex/o

what is the term for the part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, size of blood vessles

medulla oblongata

what is the combining form of the word “membranes”

mening/o

what is the term for “pertaining to the meninges”

meningeal

what is the term for the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

meninges

what is the term for a tumor of the meninges

meningioma

what is the term for a phagocytic glial cell

microglial cell

what are the three regions of the brainstem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

what is the term for the upper part of the brain stem

midbrain

what is the term for the nerve that carries messages away from brain and spinal cord, efferent nerve

motor nerve

what is the term for a disease characterized by demyelination of tissue around the axons of CNS neurons

multiple sclerosis

what is the combining form of the word “muscle”

my/o

what is the term for elapsing weakness of skeletal muscles (no muscle strength), autoimmune condition, usually affects half the face and resembles a stroke

myasthenia gravis

what is the combining form of the word “spinal cord”

myel/o

what is the term for the white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell, and serves to speed up impulse conduction

myelin sheath

what is the term for an xray record of the spinal cord

myelogram

what is the term for a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges, associated with spina bifida

myelomeningocele

what is the term for disease of the spinal cord

myelopathy

what is the term for “pertaining to muscle and nerve”

myoneural

what is the term for a seizure of sleep

narcolepsy