FL1 - Foreign Language 1 (Korean) Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering the history of Hangeul, grammar rules for syllable construction, counting systems, and essential Korean vocabulary for objects, food, animals, and common expressions.

Hangeul (한글)

The official writing system of South Korea, invented in $1443$ by King Sejong the Great.

King Sejong the Great

The fourth King of the Joseon dynasty who created Hangeul to represent the Korean language better and promote literacy among common people.

Hunminjeong'eum (훈민정음)

The original name King Sejong gave to the Korean alphabet.

Ju Si-gyeong

The Korean linguist who coined the name Hangeul (한글) in $1912$.

Han (한)

An ancient Korean word meaning "great".

Geul (글)

An ancient Korean word meaning "script".

Hangeul Composition

Consists of $40$ letters; $14$ basic consonants, $5$ double consonants, $10$ basic vowels, and $11$ double vowels.

Vowel Indicator (O)

A silent letter used before or above a vowel in syllable construction; for vertical characters it is on the left, for horizontal characters it is above.

Batchim (받침)

A consonant placed under others in a syllable, read at the end of the syllable.

Sino-Korean Numbers

Numerical system used for dates, money, minutes, and seconds.

Pure Korean Numbers

Numerical system used for counting people, objects, age, and telling hours.

Won (원)

The currency of Korea.

Baek (백)

The Sino-Korean number for $100$.

Yeon (년)

The Korean word for "year", used after numbers to indicate the year in a date.

Uri (우리)

A word meaning "our" but also used to mean "my" when introducing family members.

Banmal (반말)

Non-honorific and casual speech styles used with friends of the same age or younger people.

Suffix -ssi (씨)

A title equivalent to Mr. or Ms., attached to a full name or given name.

Suffix -saram (사람)

A word meaning "person" added to a country name to denote nationality (e.g., Filipino, Korean).

Suffix -eo (어)

A word added to the end of a country name to denote the language (e.g., Korean language).

Yoil (요일)

The Korean word for "day of the week" (e.g., Wol-yo-il for Monday).

Si (시)

The indicator for "hour" used with Pure Korean numbers.

Bun (분)

The indicator for "minutes" used with Sino-Korean numbers.

Cho (초)

The indicator for "seconds" used with Sino-Korean numbers.

Sal (살)

The age modifier or indicator used with Pure Korean numbers.

Myeong (명)

The counting unit for people.

Mari (마리)

The counting unit for animals.

Jang (장)

The counting unit for paper sheets.

Gwon (권)

The counting unit for books.

Daebak! (대박!)

A common Korean expression meaning "Awesome!" or "Wow!"

Jjang! (짱!)

A common Korean expression meaning "Good!" or "The best!"

Bibimbap (비빔밥)

A Korean dish meaning "Mixed rice".

Tteokbokki (떡볶이)

A Korean dish of spicy rice cakes.

Chi-maek (치맥)

A combination of Chicken and Maekju (Beer).

Seasons (계절)

Includes Bom (Spring), Yeo-reum (Summer), Ga-eul (Autumn/Fall), and Gyeo-ul (Winter).