unit 2

disaccharide

2 single sugar molecules bond together

catalyst

a chemical that increases the rate of a reaction but remains unchanged at the end of a reaction

Active site

the area of an enzyme where a substrate will bind.

Substrate

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

‘Lock and key’

the model used to describe the binding of specific substrates to specific enzymes.

monosaccharide

a single sugar molecule

polysaccharide

multiple sugar molecules bound together

anabolic

building larger molecules from smaller molecules

catabolic

breaking down larger molecules to smaller

ingestion

process of taking in food

mechanical digestion

the physical act of breaking down the food by non chemical means

chemical digestion

breaking down large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules

absorption

movement of digested food molecules through the wall of intestine into the blood/lymph

assimilation

manufacture of new substances in cells using the products of digestion

egestion

removal of undigested food

excretion

removal of metabolic waste in the body

vitamin D deficiency

rickets, causes soft bones

Iron deficiency

anaemia, not enough red blood cells so cells lack oxygen

what are the 7 nutrients?

protein, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

vitamin C deficiency

scurvy

vitamin A deficiency

vision loss and blindness

factors of energy requirements

age, gender, activity, pregenancy/breast feeding

metabolism

sum of all chemical reactions that happen in the body

why does your breathing change when you exercise?

your body needs to respire quicker so you inhale more oxygen and air

what is ATP?

source of energy for use and storage at a cellular level

explain what it is used for

provides enregy needed for processes in orgnisms and cells

anaerobic respiration

the break down of glucose without oxygen

glycosis

where glucose is broken down into smaller molecules. it happens in the cell’s cyptoplasm and produces a small amount of energy

anaeobic respiration equation