C-Spine and cranium muscles OIA

Masseter — Origin

Zygomatic arch

Masseter — Insertion

Angle and ramus of mandible

Masseter — Action

Elevate mandible; assist to protract mandible

Masseter — Innervation

Trigeminal (V) nerve

Temporalis — Origin

Temporal fossa and fascia

Temporalis — Insertion

Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of mandible

Temporalis — Action

Elevate mandible; retract mandible

Temporalis — Innervation

Trigeminal (V) nerve

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) — Origin

Sternal head: top of manubrium; Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) — Insertion

Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) — Action

Unilateral: lateral flexion of head/neck to same side; rotate head/neck to opposite side. Bilateral: flex neck; assist ribcage elevation during inhale

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) — Innervation

C2

Anterior Scalene — Origin

Transverse processes of C3-C6 (anterior tubercles)

Anterior Scalene — Insertion

First rib

Anterior Scalene — Action

Unilateral: lateral flexion/rotate head and neck; Bilateral: elevate ribs during inhale and flex head/neck

Anterior Scalene — Innervation

C4-C8

Middle Scalene — Origin

Transverse processes of C2-C7 (posterior tubercles)

Middle Scalene — Insertion

First rib

Middle Scalene — Action

Unilateral: lateral flexion/rotate head and neck; Bilateral: elevate ribs during inhale and flex head/neck

Middle Scalene — Innervation

C4-C8

Posterior Scalene — Origin

Transverse processes of C6-C7 (posterior tubercles)

Posterior Scalene — Insertion

Second rib

Posterior Scalene — Action

Unilateral: lateral flexion/rotate head and neck; Bilateral: elevate ribs during inhale and flex head/neck

Posterior Scalene — Innervation

C4-C8

Longus Capitis — Origin

Transverse processes of C3-C6

Longus Capitis — Insertion

Inferior surface of occiput

Longus Capitis — Action

Unilateral: lateral flexion head/neck to same side; rotate head/neck to same side. Bilateral: flex head/neck

Longus Capitis — Innervation

C1-C3

Longus Colli — Origin

Bodies of C5-T3; transverse processes of C3-C5

Longus Colli — Insertion

Tubercle on anterior arch of atlas; bodies of axis, C3, C4; transverse processes of C5-C6

Longus Colli — Action

Unilateral: lateral flexion head/neck to same side; rotate head/neck to same side. Bilateral: flex head/neck

Longus Colli — Innervation

C2-C6

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major — Origin

Spinous process of axis (C2)

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major — Insertion

Inferior nuchal line of occiput

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major — Action

Rock and tilt head back into extension; rotate head to same side

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major — Innervation

Suboccipital

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor — Origin

Tubercle of posterior arch of atlas (C1)

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor — Insertion

Inferior nuchal line of occiput

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor — Action

Rock and tilt head into extension

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor — Innervation

Suboccipital

Oblique Capitis Superior — Origin

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

Oblique Capitis Superior — Insertion

Between nuchal lines of occiput

Oblique Capitis Superior — Action

Rock and tilt head into extension; lateral flex head to same side

Oblique Capitis Superior — Innervation

Suboccipital

Oblique Capitis Inferior — Origin

Spinous process of axis (C2)

Oblique Capitis Inferior — Insertion

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

Oblique Capitis Inferior — Action

Rotate head to same side

Oblique Capitis Inferior — Innervation

Suboccipital

Splenius Capitis — Origin

Inferior half of ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of C7-T4

Splenius Capitis — Insertion

Mastoid process; lateral portion of superior nuchal line

Splenius Capitis — Action

Unilateral: rotate head/neck to same side; lateral flex head/neck to same side. Bilateral: extend head/neck

Splenius Capitis — Innervation

Cervical

Splenius Cervicis — Origin

Spinous processes of T3-T6

Splenius Cervicis — Insertion

Transverse processes of C1-C3

Splenius Cervicis — Action

Unilateral: rotate head/neck to same side; lateral flex head/neck to same side. Bilateral: extend head/neck

Splenius Cervicis — Innervation

Cervical