Ch 4: Genetics Development & Plasticity
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40 Terms
Under what condition would the effects of a recessive gene become evident?
only if someone is homozygous for that gene
3 multiple choice options
if both parents have a low sensitivity to PTC, what can we predict about their children?
all will have low sensitivity to PTC
3 multiple choice options
what is a sex-linked gene?
a gene with greater effects on one sex than the other
3 multiple choice options
what part does microdeletion removes?
part of a chromosome
3 multiple choice options
what does an epigenetic gene do?
it increases or decreases the expression of a gene
3 multiple choice options
dizygotic twins resemble each other genetically by the same amount as what?
brother and sister
3 multiple choice options
why does a genome wide association study have the risk of an accidental finding?
it tests many hypothesis at one time
3 multiple choice options
heritability of some trait would probably be highest for which of the following?
a community that provides and equally supportive environment for all
3 multiple choice options
which of the following offers strong evidence that environmental changes can largely counteract with the effects of a gene?
the effects of diet on children with phenylketonuira (PKU)
3 multiple choice options
in evolutionary terms, which of the following people is the most "fit"?
the one with the most children and grandchildren
3 multiple choice options
what, if anything, can we predictabout the future of human evolution?
people who become more like whichever people tend to have the most children
3 multiple choice options
What does apoptosis cause?
cell death
3 multiple choice options
Do damaged axons grow back in mammals?
yes, but only in the peripheral nervous system
3 multiple choice options
How long does myelination continue in humans?
for decades
3 multiple choice options
What are enzymes?
Proteins that regulate chemical reactions in the body
3 multiple choice options
Which of these aspects of a neuron has the highest probability of changing over time?
The shape of its dendrites
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is one of the explanations for fetal alcohol syndrome?
apoptosis
3 multiple choice options
Prolonged music practice produces measurable changes in the brain.
true
Physical exercise improves brain functioning in older ages
true
Muscles send chemical messages to tell the nervous system how many axons to produce.
false
in early human brain development, which of these develops first
muscle movements
3 multiple choice options
in which sensory system do new receptors continue to form throughout life
olfaction
3 multiple choice options
what evidence demonstrated that new neurons do not form in adult human cortex
the C concentration of cortical cells is characteristic of the year of birth
3 multiple choice options
When Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and turned the eye upside down , what happened?
axons of optic nerve grew back to their original targets
3 multiple choice options
What did Rita Levi-Montalcini discover?
Sympathetic nervous system axons die if they do not connect to a muscle
3 multiple choice options
at what age does a person have a larger number of neurons?
before and shortly after birth
3 multiple choice options
what does apoptosis cause?
the removal of ineffective neurons
3 multiple choice options
in the ferret study, what evidence indicated that visual input to the auditory portions of the brain produced by visual sensation?
ferrets that learned to turn one way in response to light in the normal eye turned the same way to light in the rewired eye
An enriched environment including social interactions promotes growth of axons and dendrites in laboratory rodents. What else can produce the same effect?
physical activity
3 multiple choice options
on what parts of the body, if any, do blind people have greater than average touch sensitivity?
the fingers
3 multiple choice options
In people who practice violin or other stringed instruments for many years, what changes in the cerebral cortex?
a larger than average portion of the cortex responds to fingers of the left hand
what causes focal hand dystonia (musician's cramp)
Rewiring of the cerebral cortex
3 multiple choice options
what is the most likely biological explanation for increased risky behavior among adolescents?
increased activity in brain areas that anticipate reward
3 multiple choice options
which of these is one way in which a stroke kills neurons?
excess glutamate stimulation
3 multiple choice options
which of these types of drugs decreases the damage of a stroke (if given promptly)?
cannabinoids
what causes diaschisis after a stroke?
Decreased input from damaged neurons
3 multiple choice options
in which species if any can axons regrow in the spinal cord
fish
3 multiple choice options
where does collateral sprouting take place?
in the axon
3 multiple choice options
what causes the phantom limb experience
Reorganization of the sensory cortex
3 multiple choice options
suppose a patient only uses their right arm following injury that blocks sensation from the left arm. of the following which is most likely to encourage the use of the left arm?
tie right arm behind person's back