History of Psychology, Ch. 4

Origins of scientific psychology in America

Organized the Psychology Laboratory exhibit at the Chicago World Fair in 1893. Showed off scientific apparatus used in psychological experiments and an interactive testing exhibit.

Joseph Jastrow

Signed by Henry Holt to produce a volume on psychological science for the American Science book series in 1878. Book had great importance in history of American psychology.

William James

Key concepts of James' volume on psychological science in the American Science Series.

Stream of consciousness, linkage to selective attention

Goals of James' research.

Role/adaptive value of consciousness in human survival, role of habits in maintaining social order

Argued that bodily changes result from perception of a situation, and that recognition subsequently produces the subjective feeling we label emotion.

James-Lange theory of emotion

First woman elected president of APA in 1905. Studied under James at Harvard. Completed doctoral research and passed oral doctoral exams but was not granted a PhD due to being female. Advocated for self psychology.

Mary Whiton Calkins

Founded first psychology journal in America, first psychology laboratory in America at John Hopkins Uni in 1883, first professional organization for psychologists in 1982 (APA), began Child Study Movement.

G Stanley Hall

Movement in which broad goal was to discover all that could be known about the child. Triggered by exploding school enrollments in 19th century, calls for school reforms, renewed concerns about raising children of good moral character. Headed by Hall. Involved public school teachers, college educators, and parents. Collapsed in 1910.

Child Study Movement

Two-volume book by Hall published in 1904 credited for establishing adolescence as a distinctive stage of human development. Discussed adolescent sexuality, controversially. Argued for sex education classes in schools.

Adolescence: Its Psychology and its Relations to Physiology, Sociology, Crime and Religion

Coined the term "mental test." Purpose of tests was to give useful indication of the progress/condition/aptitudes of a pupil. Claimed could identify gifted students. Became main owner/editor of journal Science for 50 years after original owners abandoned it.

James McKeen Cattell

Chief product of psychologist involvement in WWI.

Army Alpha/Army Beta intelligence tests

Methods by which psychologists got their message to the public reg. their new science.

Wrote articles for popular press, public addresses before civic groups/organizations, Chicago World Fair