Phonological Processes

what are all of the syllable structure processes?

• cluster reduction

• reduplication

• weak syllable deletion

• final consonant deletion

• initial consonant deletion

• epenthesis

• metathesis

• diminutization

• coalescence

definition of cluster reduction/ simplification

simplifies consonant cluster into a single consonant

which of these is an example of cluster reduction?

• /sap/ for stop

• /sip/ for sweep

definition of reduplication

syllable structure is simplified and the second syllable becomes a repetition of the first in terms of shape

which is an example of reduplication?

• /wawa/ for water

• /beibei/ for blanket

definition of weak syllable deletion

the unstressed syllable is deleted

which is an example of weak syllable deletion

• /baut/ for about

• /raf/ for giraffe

definition of final consonant deletion

the coda is omitted resulting in an open syllable

which is an example of final consonant deletion

• /daw/ for dog

• /bo/ for boat

definition of initial consonant deletion

first sound is omitted

which is an example of initial consonant deletion

• /aet/ for hat

• /ing/ for king

definition of epenthesis

• inserting a schwa or other vowel between consonants in a cluster

• inserting a vowel before a consonant cluster (more seen in SIE)

which is an example of epenthesis

• /buhlu/ for blue

• /Estar/ for star

definiton of metathesis

two adjacent sounds switch places

which is an example of metathesis

• /kaest/ for cats

• /aeks/ for ask

definition of dimunitization

adding a vowel, sometimes /i/, to the end of a noun

which is an example of dimunitization

/k^pi/ for cup

definition of coalescence

• 2 adjacent sounds collapsed into one because qualities from each influence each other

• resulting sound is not one initially present in the cluster

which substitution processes involve changes in place of articulation?

• fronting

• backing

• palatalization

• labialization

• alveolarization

definition of fronting

place of articulation is more anterior than the intended sound

definition of velar fronting

says an alveolar instead of a velar

which is an example of velar fronting?

• /taet/ for cat

• /dot/ for goat

definition of palatal fronting

says an alveolar instead of a palatal

which is an example of palatal fronting

• /su/ for shoe

definition of backing

• says a velar instead of an alveolar sound

• place of articulation is more posterior than the intended sound

which is an example of backing

• /gringk/ for drink

• /g^malIS/ for demolish

definition of palatalization

saying a palatal instead of the intended sound

which is an example of palatalization

/Su/ for Sue

definition of labialization

saying a labial sound instead of a nonlabial

which is an example of labialization

• f for voicless th

• v for voiced th

definition of alveolarization

change in nonalveolar sounds, mostly interdental and labiodental sounds into alveolar ones

examples of alveolarization

/s^m/ for thumb

which substitution processes involve a change in the manner of articulation

• stopping

• affrication

• deaffrication

• denasalization

• gliding of liquids or fricatives

• vowelization

• derhotacization

• liquid simplification

• liquidization

• frication

• stridency deletion

• glottal replacement

definition of stopping

saying a stop instead of a fricative

which is an example of stopping

• /tu/ for shoe

• /baekjum/ for vacuum

definition of stopping of affricates

says a stop instead of an affricate

which is an example of stopping of the affricates

• /tu/ for chew

• /d^g/ for jug

definition of stopping of glides

stops glides

which is an example of stopping of glides

• /dEb/ for web

• /dEdo/ for yellow

definition of stopping of liquids

stops liquids

which is an example of stopping of liquids

• /pIng/ for ring

• /dif/ for leaf

definition of stopping of nasals

stops nasals

which is an example of stopping of nasals

• /haebo/ for hammer

• /daIf/ for knife

definition of affrication

• says an affricate instead of a fricative

which is an example of affrication

/tSu/ for shoe

definition of deaffrication

• says a fricative instead of an affricate

• deletes the stop feature of the sound but retains the fricative feature

which is an example of deaffrication

/Siz/ for cheese

definition of denasalization

says a plosive instead of a nasal

which is an example of denasalization

/dud/ for noon

definition of gliding of liquids or fricatives

says a glide instead of a liquid or a fricative

which is an example of gliding of liquids or fricatives

• /wEd/ for red

• /jeIk/ for lake

• /ju/ for shoe

definition of vowelization

says a vowel instead of a syllabic (word final) l, ɚ, E, and word final rhotics

which is an example of derhotacization

• /teIbo/ for table

• /laedU/ for ladder

definition of liquid simplification

includes gliding of liquids

definition of liquidization

changes any nonliquid consonant to a liquid

which is an example of liquidization

• /lIg/ for pig

• /laIv/ for five

definition of frication

says a fricative instead of any nonfricative or nonaffricate sound

which is an example of frication

• /zr^m/ for drum

• /sEvuhth/ voiceless- for seven

definition of stridency deletion

deletes stridency from strident consonants through deletion or replacement of nonstrident consonant or glottal stop

definition of glottal replacement

uses a glottal stop to replace any consonant

definition of voicing

using a voiced sound when you shouldnt

definition of devoicing

using a voicless sound when you shouldnt

assimilation processes occur because of

influence from neighboring sounds

definition of labial assimilation

using a labial sound instead of a nonlabial sound

definition of velar assimilation

using a velar sound instead of a nonvelar sound

definition of nasal assimilation

using a nasal sound instead of a nonnasal sound

definition of liquid assimilation

using a liquid sound instead of a noniquid sound

which is an example of labial assimilation

/fwing/ for swing

which is an example of velar assimilation

/gag/ for dog

which is an example of nasal assimilation

/m^ni/ for bunny

which is an example of liquid assimilation

/lElou/ for yellow