APHuG 1.1

Physical Geography

The study of the spatial characteristics of the physical environment.

Human Geography

The study of the spatial characteristics of humans and human activities.

Reference Maps

Maps designed for general information about places, such as political, physical, road, and plat maps.

Political Maps

Reference maps that show and label human-created boundaries and designations.

Physical Maps

Reference maps that show and label natural features such as mountains, rivers, and deserts.

Road Maps

Reference maps that display highways, streets, and transportation routes.

Plat Maps

Reference maps that show property lines and land ownership boundaries.

Thematic Maps

Maps that display spatial aspects of specific information or phenomena.

Choropleth Maps

Thematic maps using colors or shading patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data.

Dot Distribution Maps

Thematic maps using dots to show the specific location and distribution of features across a map.

Graduated Symbol Maps

Thematic maps using symbols of varying sizes to represent different quantities.

Isoline Maps

Thematic maps using lines connecting points of equal value to show data variations across space.

Topographic Maps

Specific isoline maps that connect points of equal elevation.

Cartogram

A map that resizes land areas based on a specific statistical variable.

ESPNDCG Framework

An analytical framework considering spatial effects on Economy, Society, Politics, eNvironment, Demographics, Culture, and Gender.

Cartographic Scale

The ratio of map size to actual size on Earth, expressed in words, ratios, or line scales.

Small Scale Maps

Maps showing larger land areas with less detail.

Large Scale Maps

Maps showing smaller land areas with greater detail.

Absolute Distance

Distance measured in standard units of length such as miles or kilometers.

Relative Distance

Distance expressed in terms of time or effort, such as an 8-minute drive.

Clustering

A spatial arrangement where features are concentrated or grouped closely together.

Dispersal

A spatial arrangement where features are spread out over a wide area.

Elevation

The distance of features measured above sea level.

Map Distortion (SADD)

Inevitable inaccuracies in Shape, Area, Distance, or Direction caused by projecting a 3D sphere onto a 2D map.

Mercator Projection

Map projection with accurate directions and perpendicular grid lines, ideal for navigation, but distorts landmass sizes near the poles.

Peters Projection

Equal-area map projection maintaining accurate landmass sizes while distorting shapes near the poles.

Conic Projection

Map projection with converging longitude lines and curved latitude lines, accurate for midlatitude regions.

Robinson Projection

Compromise map projection with an oval globe-like shape that slightly distorts all aspects to maintain overall visual balance.

Physical Geography

The study of the spatial characteristics of the physical environment.

Human Geography

The study of the spatial characteristics of humans and human activities.

Reference Maps

Maps designed for general information about places, such as political, physical, road, and plat maps.

Political Maps

Reference maps that show and label human-created boundaries and designations.

Physical Maps

Reference maps that show and label natural features such as mountains, rivers, and deserts.

Road Maps

Reference maps that display highways, streets, and transportation routes.

Plat Maps

Reference maps that show property lines and land ownership boundaries.

Thematic Maps

Maps that display spatial aspects of specific information or phenomena.

Choropleth Maps

Thematic maps using colors or shading patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data.

Dot Distribution Maps

Thematic maps using dots to show the specific location and distribution of features across a map.

Graduated Symbol Maps

Thematic maps using symbols of varying sizes to represent different quantities.

Isoline Maps

Thematic maps using lines connecting points of equal value to show data variations across space.

Topographic Maps

Specific isoline maps that connect points of equal elevation.

Cartogram

A map that resizes land areas based on a specific statistical variable.

ESPNDCG Framework

An analytical framework considering spatial effects on Economy, Society, Politics, eNvironment, Demographics, Culture, and Gender.

Cartographic Scale

The ratio of map size to actual size on Earth, expressed in words, ratios, or line scales.

Small Scale Maps

Maps showing larger land areas with less detail.

Large Scale Maps

Maps showing smaller land areas with greater detail.

Absolute Distance

Distance measured in standard units of length such as miles or kilometers.

Relative Distance

Distance expressed in terms of time or effort, such as an 8-minute drive.

Clustering

A spatial arrangement where features are concentrated or grouped closely together.

Dispersal

A spatial arrangement where features are spread out over a wide area.

Elevation

The distance of features measured above sea level.

Map Distortion (SADD)

Inevitable inaccuracies in Shape, Area, Distance, or Direction caused by projecting a 3D sphere onto a 2D map.

Mercator Projection

Map projection with accurate directions and perpendicular grid lines, ideal for navigation, but distorts landmass sizes near the poles.

Peters Projection

Equal-area map projection maintaining accurate landmass sizes while distorting shapes near the poles.

Conic Projection

Map projection with converging longitude lines and curved latitude lines, accurate for midlatitude regions.

Robinson Projection

Compromise map projection with an oval globe-like shape that slightly distorts all aspects to maintain overall visual balance.