Rad Protection P1 (Lesson 1)

what are the Two main sources of radiation?

Natural or Background/ environmental

How many % radiation required for both externally and internally?

82%

60%

22%

What are the . 4 components and is considered as the source of background radiation

cosmic Rays, Terrestrial Radiation, internally Deposited Radionuclides, Radon

This source of radiation has approximate annual close of 3 millisievert (mSv)

Natural or Background/Environmental

What isthe unit of dose for Natural or Background/ Environmental

m S v

They are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stor including carbon 14

Cosmic Rays

It's sources come from heavenly bodies

Cosmic rays

It is more intense of higher elevations

(EXAMPLE: living in a high altitude regions / frequently traveling by airplane increases your exposure to the_____)

-

Cosmic Radiation

Are deposits from Uranium, Thorium, and other radionuclides in the earth

Terrestrial Radiation

Are those we actively take in and ingest natural radioactive elements through our daily diet and. air we breathe.

Internally deposited

an organic food that we eat, an environmental radiation that is a natural metabolites and have always been with us

K40

The largest source of natural environmental radiation

.

Radon

A radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium which is present in trace quantities in the earth

Radonn

What are the examples that contains Radon

concrete bricks, gypsum wall board

It requires 16% of radiation

man made radiation

diagnostic x-ray costintute the largest man made source of ionizing radiation has an approximate annual close of 3.2 m Sv

Man made radiation

how many % of radiation acquire in man made radiation

16%

What is the annual close for man made radiation

3.2 msv/year

What does NCRP mean

National council on Radiation Protection and measurements

In what year was the estimate for the annual close of 3:2 msv/year from 0.5 msv/year

2006 and 1990

Is a measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue

Linear Energy Transfer ( LET)

another method of expressing radiation quality and determining the valve of the radiation weight of Factor (WR)

Linear energy transfer

It is expressed in units of kiloelectron volt of energy transferred per micrometer of track length in soft

tissue

linear energy transfer

The ability of ionizing radiation to produce a biologic response increases as the LET of radiation increases

Linear energy transfer,

effect/ response is quantitatively described by the relative biologic effectiveness (⬆ LET = ⬆ biological damage)

LET

What are the 3 Stages of acute radiation lethality

Prodromal syndrome, Latent period, manifest illness

occurs within hours after a whole body absorbed close of 1Gyt or more.

prodromal Syndrome

the higher the close, the more severe the symptoms

prodromal syndrome

examples are: nausea/ vomitting/ diarrhea and areduction in the white cells of the peripheral blood (leakopenia)

prodromal syndrome

The subject is free of visible effect, It is during this period that either recovery or lethal effects begin

.

Latent period

This period when signs and symptoms involving the hematopoietic, GI, and cerebrovascular systems become visible

Signs wnd symptoms: ( apathy confusion, fluid loss and dehydration, epilation, headaches and exhaustion, vomiting and severe diarrhea, fever and infection)

Manifest illness

What are the clinical signs and symptoms can be classified into three groups ( manifest illness)

.

Hematologic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular

What are the types of biological effect

occurance, dose, syndrome

Whoever receives the radiation, will manifest the effect.

somatic effect

large closes received in short period

(Example: 200Gy in 2 mins will result to death)

Early (Acute) Somatic effect

Low dose received repeatedly over a long perood of time

Example( cataract, cancer)

Late (chronic) somatic effect

also called as stochastic effect, appear as a late radiation response years later

genetic effect

effect for the close received will be transferred to the offsprings

Genetic effect

also known as "late” low dose, non-deterministic and probabilistic response .

stochastic effect

follows a Linear non-threshold dose response

stochastic (dose)effects

also known as early, high close, deterministic, and non- probabilistic response

Deterministic (Dose) effect

exhibit a close threshold; there is a dose below which no response occurs

(Threshold, non linear, dose response relationship)

Deterministic effect (dose)

a collected term for signs and symptoms

syndrome

are sequences of events that follow