chemical tests

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tests for chemicals

41 Terms

1
test for Carbon Dioxide (CO2 )
turns limewater milky
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2
Chlorine (Cl2 ) test
bleaches damp litmus paper
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3
Hydrogen (H2 ) test
pops with a lighted splint
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4
Oxygen (O2 ) test
relights a glowing splint
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5
Carbonate (CO 3 2- ) test
add dilute acid; effervescence, carbon dioxide produced
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6
Sulfate (SO4 2- ) test
add dilute nitric acid then aqueous barium nitrate. Gives white precipitate
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7
Chloride (Cl - ) test
add dilute nitric acid then aqueous silver nitrate. Gives white precipitate. Dissolves in dilute ammonia to give colourless solution (of [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + )
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8
Bromide (Br - ) test
add dilute nitric acid then aqueous silver nitrate. Gives cream precipitate. Dissolves in concentrated ammonia but not in dilute ammonia
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9
Iodide (I - ) test
add dilute nitric acid then aqueous silver nitrate. Gives yellow precipitate. Does not dissolve in either concentrated or dilute ammonia
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10
Iron II (Fe 2+ ) test
add aqueous sodium hydroxide gives green precipitate, insoluble in excess
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11
Iron III (Fe 3+ ) test
add aqueous sodium hydroxide gives orange/brown precipitate, insoluble in excess
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12
Copper (Cu 2+ ) test
add aqueous sodium hydroxide gives blue precipitate, insoluble in excess. Or add ammonia: gives a blue precipitate which dissolves in excess to give a blue solution
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13
Calcium (Ca 2+ ) test
add aqueous sodium hydroxide gives white precipitate, insoluble in excess.
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14
Aluminium (Al 3+ ) test
add aqueous sodium hydroxide gives white precipitate which dissolves in excess
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15
H + (any acid) test
turns blue litmus red or makes sodium carbonate effervesce (makes CO 2 gas)
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16
H2O test
turns white anhydrous copper (II) sulphate into blue hydrated copper (II) sulphate. It also turns blue anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride into pink hydrated cobalt (II) chloride reaction is reversible, colour changes reversed when hydrated salts are heated.
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17
Test for Unsaturated hydrocarbons
turns bromine water from orange to colourless.
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18
Test for aldehydes
produces a silver mirror from a colourless solution of Tollens' reagent (or produces a red precipitate from blue coloured Fehling's solution (needs heat))
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19
Tests for organic (and other) acids (carboxylic acid)
they release CO2 (bubbles of gas are observed) when shaken with sodium carbonate solution
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20
Test for acid chloride
gives misty fumes with water
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21
Test for alcohol
add acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) orange to green (Cr3+)
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22
Manganate ion change of colour
when reduced, goes from deep purple to colourless
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23
All nitrates are soluble.
solubility of nitrates?
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24
All compounds of group 1 and ammonium ions are soluble.
solubility of group 1 and ammonium ions?
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25
All chlorides except for those of Ag, Pb and Hg are soluble.
solubility of chlorides?
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26
All hydroxides are insoluble (except those of group 1, ammonium, barium and strontium)
solubility of hydroxides?
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27
All metal carbonates (except those of group 1, and ammonium) are insoluble
solubility of metal carbonates?
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28
might be carbon (graphite), iodine or MnO 2 .
insoluble black solid?
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29
An insoluble yellow solid might be sulphur
insoluble yellow solid?
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30
test for sulfate ion
add nitric acid (removes carbonate ions so no other ppt forms), add barium chloride, barium sulfate forms, white ppt.
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31
test for amines
turns litmus paper blue (naturally basic)
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32
test for arene
burn in air. produces smokey flame and soot.
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33
difference between aldehyde and ketone
Melting point of 2,4 DNP
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34
test for phenol
Purple to yellow colour change with Iron(III) chloride
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35
test for phenol
brown to colourless with white precipitate when bromine is added
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36
Test for Lithium
red flame test
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37
Test for sodium
orange/yellow flame test
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38
Test for potassium
Lilac flame test
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39
Test for calcium
Brick red flame test
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40
Test for strontium
crimson red flame test
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41
Test for barium
apple green flame test
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