Speech and Hearing Mechanisms Quiz 2

Coronal

Whole front and back of body, of or relating to the frontal plane that passes through the long axis of the body; cut in half vertically

Superior

Situated above or anterior or dorsal to another and especially a corresponding part

Sagittal

Of, relating to, situated in, or being the median plane of the body or any plane parallel to it

Transverse

Top and bottom cut in half horizontally

Lateral

Of or relating to the side

Anterior

Situated closest to the head or part most nearly corresponding to a head

Posterior

Situated behind

Inferior

From the bottom

Number of cervical vertebrae

7

Number of thoracic vertebrae

12

Number of lumbar vertebrae

5

Number of sacrum vertebrae

5

Number of coccyx vertebrae

4

Pelvic girdle structures

Sacrum, pubic bone, ischium, ilium

Pectoral girdle structures

Clavicles, scapula

Amount of ribs total

12

Amount of true ribs

7

Amount of false ribs

3

Amount of floating ribs

2

What is increased during thoracic expansion?

The volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs

What expands during thoracic expansion?

The chest cavity

Which muscles are involved with transverse movement?

The external intercostal muscles

Diaphragm - Inspiration or expiration?

Inspiration (Primary)

Diaphragm - Shape

Dome-shaped

Diaphragm - Function

Upon inhalation, contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges.

Pectoralis minor - Shape

Fan-shaped minor

Pectoralis minor - Function

Moves the shoulder blade, or scapula, and the third through fifth ribs

Pectoralis minor - Inspiration or expiration?

Inspiration

Pectoralis major - Shape

Fan-shaped major

Pectoralis major - Function

Assists in drawing the sternum and ribs upward and increases transverse dimension of the rib cage

Pectoralis major - Inspiration or expiration?

Inspiration

Sternocleidomastoid - Function

Balances head and elevates sternum

Internal intercostals - Function

Fills spaces between ribs, connects ribs at opposite angles to external intercostals, pulls down from the pelvis through connection with abdominal muscles

Internal intercostals - Inspiration or expiration?

Expiration

Interchondral components - Description

The joints between the costal cartilages of the false ribs

Interchondral components - Function

Provide flexibility to the rib cage during respiration and help distribute mechanical forces across the chest

External intercostals - Function

Pull upward from the spine, skull, neck, and fixate upper ribs

External intercostals - Inspiration or expiration?

Inspiration

Transversus thoracis - Description

Flat muscle lying along inside front wall of the chest

Transversus thoracis - Fibers

Run obliquely

Transversus thoracis - Function

Assists in pulling the chest downward

Levator costarum - Description

Rib elevators, series of 12 small muscles

Levator costarum - Function

Pulls up on ribs

Levator costarum - Inspiration or expiration?

Inspiration

Rectus abdominus - Description

Large, vertical ribbon muscle

Rectus abdominus - Function

Downward pull on sternum provides powerful exhalatory force

Rectus abdominus - Inspiration or expiration?

Expiration

Rectus abdominis

Internal oblique abdominis

Transverse abdominis

External oblique abdominis

Internal intercostal

External intercostal

Costal cartilages/chondral portion of rib cage

Located at bottom of chart of diaphragm

Point of attachment to L4 and L5 vertebrae

Located at top middle of diaphragm

Sternal attachment of the diaphragm

Opening in middle of diaphragm

Esophageal hiatus

What’s the posterior-most attachment of the diaphragm?

Lumbar vertebrae, L4 and L5