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Nucleus
Control centre of the cell
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in and where reactions occur
Cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Mitochondria
Where respiration takes place
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Vacuole
Plant cell organelle that stores cell sap
Plant cell wall
Strong, protective structure made from cellulose
Eukaryotic cells
Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
Prokaryotic cell
Cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Flagellum
A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move.
Plasmid
Small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Organelle
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
Organ
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialised function of the body
Organ System
Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Organism
A living thing
Magnification
An increase in the apparent size of an object
Magnification equation
Image size/actual size
Resolution
The ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object
Eyepiece lens
Contains a lens that magnifies about 10x
Objective lens
The lens on a light microscope that is closest to the stage.
Microscope stage
Supports the slide being viewed
Microscope staining
A method used to clearly show the organelles in a cell, usually done with an indicator like Iodine
Microscope specimen
Something viewed with a microscope
Light microscope
Light passes through one or more lenses to produce an enlarged image of a specimen
Electron microscope
Microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen
Red blood cells
Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.
Sperm Cell
Male reproductive cell
Root hair cell
Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil.
Nerve Cell
Carries electrical messages around the body
Cell differentiation
The process by which cells become different types of cells
Stomach
Organ of the digestive system
Heart
Organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Skin
Largest organ of the body
Nervous System
Body system that sends messages
Circulatory system
Body system transporting oxygen and glucose
Digestive System
Group of organs that digest food
Leaf
A plant organ
Xylem
A plant tissue carrying water
Phloem
A plant system carrying sugars
Exchange surfaces
Specially adapted surface where materials are exchanged
Alveoli
Air sacs in the lungs
Villi
Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface area
Gills in fish
Exchange surface for oxygen
Yeast cells
a Eukaryotic cell with a cell wall but no chloroplasts
Plant cell
Contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole
Animal cell
Does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole
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