9B1 - Cells (AQA Biology GCSE)

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50 Terms

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Nucleus

Control centre of the cell

<p>Control centre of the cell</p>
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Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in and where reactions occur

<p>Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in and where reactions occur</p>
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Cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

<p>A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.</p>
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Mitochondria

Where respiration takes place

<p>Where respiration takes place</p>
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Ribosomes

Makes proteins

<p>Makes proteins</p>
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Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

<p>An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs</p>
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Vacuole

Plant cell organelle that stores cell sap

<p>Plant cell organelle that stores cell sap</p>
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Plant cell wall

Strong, protective structure made from cellulose

<p>Strong, protective structure made from cellulose</p>
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Eukaryotic cells

Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

<p>Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.</p>
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Prokaryotic cell

Cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

<p>Cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.</p>
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Flagellum

A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move.

<p>A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move.</p>
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Plasmid

Small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria

<p>Small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria</p>
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Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

<p>Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p>
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Organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

<p>A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell</p>
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Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

<p>The basic unit of structure and function in living things</p>
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Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

<p>A group of similar cells that perform the same function.</p>
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Organ

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialised function of the body

<p>A collection of tissues that carry out a specialised function of the body</p>
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Organ System

Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

<p>Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function</p>
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Organism

A living thing

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Magnification

An increase in the apparent size of an object

<p>An increase in the apparent size of an object</p>
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Magnification equation

Image size/actual size

<p>Image size/actual size</p>
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Resolution

The ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object

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Eyepiece lens

Contains a lens that magnifies about 10x

<p>Contains a lens that magnifies about 10x</p>
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Objective lens

The lens on a light microscope that is closest to the stage.

<p>The lens on a light microscope that is closest to the stage.</p>
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Microscope stage

Supports the slide being viewed

<p>Supports the slide being viewed</p>
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Microscope staining

A method used to clearly show the organelles in a cell, usually done with an indicator like Iodine

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Microscope specimen

Something viewed with a microscope

<p>Something viewed with a microscope</p>
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Light microscope

Light passes through one or more lenses to produce an enlarged image of a specimen

<p>Light passes through one or more lenses to produce an enlarged image of a specimen</p>
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Electron microscope

Microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen

<p>Microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen</p>
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Red blood cells

Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.

<p>Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.</p>
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Sperm Cell

Male reproductive cell

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Root hair cell

Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil.

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Nerve Cell

Carries electrical messages around the body

<p>Carries electrical messages around the body</p>
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Cell differentiation

The process by which cells become different types of cells

<p>The process by which cells become different types of cells</p>
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Stomach

Organ of the digestive system

<p>Organ of the digestive system</p>
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Heart

Organ that pumps blood throughout the body

<p>Organ that pumps blood throughout the body</p>
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Skin

Largest organ of the body

<p>Largest organ of the body</p>
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Nervous System

Body system that sends messages

<p>Body system that sends messages</p>
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Circulatory system

Body system transporting oxygen and glucose

<p>Body system transporting oxygen and glucose</p>
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Digestive System

Group of organs that digest food

<p>Group of organs that digest food</p>
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Leaf

A plant organ

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Xylem

A plant tissue carrying water

<p>A plant tissue carrying water</p>
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Phloem

A plant system carrying sugars

<p>A plant system carrying sugars</p>
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Exchange surfaces

Specially adapted surface where materials are exchanged

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Alveoli

Air sacs in the lungs

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Villi

Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface area

<p>Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface area</p>
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Gills in fish

Exchange surface for oxygen

<p>Exchange surface for oxygen</p>
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Yeast cells

a Eukaryotic cell with a cell wall but no chloroplasts

<p>a Eukaryotic cell with a cell wall but no chloroplasts</p>
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Plant cell

Contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole

<p>Contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole</p>
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Animal cell

Does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole

<p>Does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole</p>