EMR Quiz Medical Emergencies

Caused by inadequate flow of blood to the heart muscle

Angina pectoris

Inflammation of the airways in the lungs

Bronchitis

Caused by damage to the small air sacs in the lungs

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Difficulty or pain when breathing

Dyspnea

Sudden onset of abdominal pain caused by disease or trauma

Acute abdomen

Blood clot or a broken blood vessel in the brain

Stroke

A disease that causes narrowing and inflammation of the airways

Asthma

Occurs when the body has too much blood glucose and not enough insulin

Diabetic coma

Occurs if the body has enough insulin but not enough blood glucose

Insulin shock

A brief lapse of attention

Absent seizures

An acute abdomen is:

irritated or infected.

Which of the following heart conditions rarely lasts more than 5 minutes and is usually relieved when the patient takes a nitroglycerin pill?

Heart attack

Cardiac arrest

Angina pectoris

Congestive heart failure

Angina pectoris

If the heart becomes weak and does not pump properly, the patient will most likely experience:

congestion of the blood vessels of the lungs, which causes breathing difficulties.

Complete blockage of an artery in the heart by a blood clot or a buildup of fatty deposits will result in:

heart attack.

 

The first step in caring for a patient who has chest pain should be to:

summon additional help.

A man who tells you that he feels as if something is sitting on, pressing on, or crushing his chest is most likely having a heart attack or:

an angina attack.

If you suspect or cannot tell whether a person is having a heart attack, your first concern should be to:

call for additional help.

Your second concern for a patient believed to be having a heart attack should be to:

try to relieve the person's emotional distress.

If a patient having a heart attack goes into cardiac arrest, you should first:

begin CPR.

The first step in caring for patients who are having difficulty breathing is to:

check for airway obstruction.

Which of the following statements regarding asthma is false?

Asthma involves acute spasm of the smaller air passages.

Patients can have great difficulty exhaling.

Pursed-lip breathing offers no benefit.

Wheezing lung sounds can be heard.

Pursed-lip breathing offers no benefit.

The first priority in treating a stroke patient is to:

give the patient emotional support.

determine if the patient is paralyzed.

maintain the airway and give oxygen, if possible.

arrange for prompt transportation to the hospital.

maintain the airway and give oxygen, if possible.

The second priority in treating a stroke patient is to:

provide emotional support.

The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale measures which of the following?

Facial droop, arm drift, and abnormal speech

Facial balance, arm strength, and hearing

Spelling, reading, and balance

Hearing, facial droop, and spelling

Facial droop, arm drift, and abnormal speech

Insulin is best described as:

a substance similar to glucose.

a chemical that is injected to counteract insulin shock.

a chemical that allows glucose in the blood to be used as fuel in the body's cells.

a diabetic medication for patients who cannot produce glucose in their blood.

a chemical that allows glucose in the blood to be used as fuel in the body's cells.

 

A person with diabetes has abnormally low levels of insulin in the body and, as a result, must

supplement insulin levels with insulin injections or oral medication.

A person in insulin shock must receive:

glucose

The signs and symptoms of insulin shock should be considered:

similar to those of other types of shock.

Which of the following systems are located in the abdomen?

Central nervous

Skeletal

Genitourinary

Respiratory

Genitourinary

Which of the following is not associated with an acute abdomen?

The abdomen may be hard as a board.

The patient may experience diarrhea.

It may be caused by an aneurysm.

The patient may complain of frequent urination.

The patient may complain of frequent urination.

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Smoking

Hypertension

Angina

Diabetes

Angina

 

Your first step in caring for a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm should be to:

place the patient in a comfortable position and arrange for prompt transport.

A patient with chronic renal failure:

may have a shunt implanted in his or her arm for hemodialysis.

The patient assessment sequence does not include the use of:

ABCs.

a physical examination.

CPR.

SAMPLE.

CPR

If a patient is seizing on a hard surface, the EMR can:

place his or her feet under the patient's head.

 

The letters in SAMPLE will help an EMR to remember the steps of:

collecting a medical history.

 

Once a seizure has stopped, the first action of the EMR is to:

ensure an open airway.

 

An important reason for an EMR to locate a patient's dialysis shunt is:

to make sure a blood pressure reading is obtained in the opposite arm.

A patient complaining of tearing abdominal pain accompanied with shoulder pain may be experiencing a(n):

abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A patient experiencing a diabetic coma may appear to have what:

may appear to have the flu.

Which of the following statements regarding strokes is false?

Signs and symptoms can vary depending on what part of the brain is affected.

Some stroke patients experience seizures.

People with low blood pressure have an increased risk of stroke.

Some stroke patients are unable to speak.

People with low blood pressure have an increased risk of stroke.

Which of the following is not a sign of a stroke?

Tightness in the chest

Numbness on one side of the body

Dizziness

Respiratory arrest

Tightness in the chest

Layers of fat can coat the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to become narrower. This process:

is called atherosclerosis.

Which of the following statements regarding angina pectoris is false?

It may cause fear and a sense of doom.

It may be treated with nitroglycerin.

It may cause pain in the arms, neck, or jaw.

It may cause severe abdominal pain.

It may cause severe abdominal pain.

Nitroglycerin should:

not be taken at intervals of less than 10 minutes.

be placed under the tongue.

always ease the pain of a heart attack.

be given every 3 minutes.

be placed under the tongue.

A heart attack:

causes part of the heart muscle to die.

A patient is short of breath, weak, sweating, and nauseated and complains of crushing pain from the chest to the left arm or jaw. The EMR should:

help the patient find a comfortable position.

The heart is not pumping adequately, and the Circulatory system becomes unbalanced. Which of the following statements applies?

The patient will be short of breath.

The patient will complain of crushing chest pain.

CPR should be provided.

A seizure is likely to happen.

The patient will be short of breath.

Shortness of breath, rapid and shallow breathing, moist or gurgling respirations, profuse sweating, and swollen ankles are all signs and symptoms of:

congestive heart failure.

EMR treatment of a patient with congestive heart failure includes:

placing the legs lower than the rest of the body.

 

A diabetic who has taken insulin but has not eaten enough food may:

become dizzy or confused.

 A state of sickness that occurs when the body has too much glucose and not enough insulin is:

diabetic coma.

A disease in which the body is unable to use glucose normally because of a deficiency or total lack of insulin is:

diabetes.

Insulin shock can:

be treated with insulin.

occur quickly

be confused with a heart attack.

cause gastrointestinal bleeding.

occur quickly

A rapid, weak pulse; deep, rapid breathing; and a history of diabetes are signs and symptoms of:

a diabetic coma.

T or F:
The emergency medical care that EMRs can provide to people who have heart attacks sometimes saves their lives.

True

T or F:

One seizure typically lasts between 30 and 45 minutes.

False

T or F:

If a person is having a seizure, you should attempt to apply restraints

False

T or F:
A person who is anxious or hostile after a seizure may be embarrassed and need privacy.

True

T or F:
A person having a seizure should only be moved if he or she is in a dangerous location.

True

T or F:If a person is having a seizure, you should place a barrier between his or her teeth.

False

T or F:
Some seizures may have serious underlying causes such as stroke or diabetic emergencies.

True

T or F: 

Patients are usually responsive during seizures.

False

T or F: 

You cannot adequately ventilate a nonbreathing patient during a seizure.

True

T or F:
A person in a diabetic coma needs insulin.

True

T or F: 

Even if you are unsure about whether a fully responsive patient is in a diabetic coma or insulin shock, you can give glucose without harming the patient.

True

T or F:
A person who has had a stroke may appear unresponsive yet still be able to hear you.

True

T or F:
The only way for responders to care for stroke patients is by providing oxygen.

False

T or F:A blood clot or a rupture of a blood vessel anywhere in the body can cause a stroke.

False

T or F:Symptoms of a stroke can vary because different areas of the brain can be affected by a stroke.

True

T or F:Stroke patients are always unresponsive.

False

T or F:
Unequal pupil size and difficulty speaking are two common signs of stroke.

True

T or F: 

A person who has had a severe stroke may stop breathing.

True

T or F:
A patient with abdominal pain should be examined by a physician .

True

T or F:
It is necessary to determine the exact cause of a medical problem before appropriate treatment can be administered.

False

T or F:
During a seizure, if the patient stops breathing and turns blue, CPR should be administered.

False

T or F:Many factors cause seizures, and the type of seizure will indicate the cause.

False

T or F: 

The AVPU scale is used to assess a patient's mental status and may be used when there has been a head injury, poisoning, or an infection.

True

T or F:
An EMR must first determine the cause of the patient's altered level of consciousness and then begin appropriate treatment.

False

T or F:
It is important to categorize patients as only medical patients or trauma patients to determine the best course of treatment.

False

T or F: 

Chest pain with pressure or heavy discomfort in the chest may be a sign of angina pectoris.

True

T or F:Exertion, emotion, or eating can contribute to angina attacks.

True

T or F:
Causes of dyspnea include angina pectoris, heart attack, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia.

True

T or F: 

It is important to determine the cause of dyspnea so as to determine the appropriate treatment.

False

T or F:
Loosening any tight clothing and comfortably positioning the patient are steps in treatment for a patient with dyspnea.

True

Altered ______ status is a sudden or gradual decrease in the patient's level of responsiveness.

Mental

Coronary arteries may narrow as a result of a disease process called ______________, in which layers of fat coat the inner walls of the arteries.

Atherosclerosis

________ are caused by sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical impulses in the brain.

Seizures

 

Patients experiencing a(n) _____ ______ have a great difficulty exhaling through partially obstructed air.

asthma attack

Following a seizure, the patient will experience a state of confusion that may last for _____to _____ minutes.

30-45

When you are assessing altered mental status, remember to use the ____ scale.

AVPU