HSI Unit 7 Skin and Membranes

The skin appendages are ________, __________, and ____________.

hair, nails, and skin glands.

The organ system thats primary organ is the skin is called…

The integumentary system

Integument is another word for ….

the skin

________ refers to a thin, sheetlike structure that may have many important functions in the body.

membranes

membranes _____ and _______ the body surface, ____ body _____, and cover inner surfaces of the _______ ______

cover and protect the body surface, line body cavities, and cover inner surfaces of the hollow organs

The three main types of epithelial membrane are

cutaneous, serous, and mucous

__________ _________ are composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of fibrous connective tissue

epithelial membranes

_______ ______ __________ are composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue; no epithelial cells are present in this type of membrane

connective tissue membranes

The ________ __________ or skin, is the largest and most important organ that makes up ____ % of the body weight

cutaneous membrane, 16

_________ __________ are found only on surfaces within closed cavities, this is composed of ____ distinct layers of tissue

Serous membranes, 2

The _______ _______ in serous membrane is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium

epithelial sheet

__________ __________ layer forms a very thin gluelike __________ _________ that holds and supports epithelial cells

connective tissue, basement membrane

the _________ serous membrane layer lines the walls of the body cavity

parietal

the ______ serous membrane are in the thoracic cavity

pleura

the _________ serous membrane is in the abdominal cavity

peritoneum

the heart is surrounded by a _______ ____ lined with a thin, slippery membrane that doubles back on itself to form a lubricating, fluid-filled pocket around the heart

fibrous sac

____________ resembles a water filled ballon with a fist thrust in it

pericardium

_______ or ________ is a very painful pathological condition characterized by inflammation of a serous membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs

pleurisy or pleuritis

is the parietal pleura or the visceral pleura more sensitive to pain

the parietal pleura

the term peritonitis describes what

inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

peritonitis is sometimes a serious complication of an infected __________

appendix

________ _________ are epithelial membranes that contain BOTH epithelial layer and a fibrous or connective tissue layer.

mucus membrane

Mucus membranes are where

line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior of the body

lining the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts are example of where __________ ___________ are located

mucus membranes

in the _____________ a tough abrasion-resistant ____________ ____________ epithelial is found

esophagus, stratified squamous

a thin layer of ________ __________ epithelium lines the walls of the lower segments of the digestive tract

simple columnar

the single layer of lining epithelial cells in these segments of the digestive tract has the primary function. ________ and _______ ___________

nutrient and water absorption

epithelial cells of mucus membranes secrete thick and slimy material called ________ that keeps the membranes moist and soft

mucus

the epithelium in mucus membranes is called the ________ ______

lamina propria

mucous identifies the….

type of membrane

mucus refers to…

the secretion produced by that membrane

__________ __________ is used to describe the transitional area that serves as a point of “fusion” where skin and membranes meet

mucocutaneous junctions

the _____, ___, _____ _________, _____, and _____ have mucocutaneous junctions

eyelids, lips, nasal openings, vulva, and anus

__________ __________ lining the joint capsules that surround an attach the ends of articulating bones in movable joints are classified as ________ _____ ___________

synovial membranes, connective tissue membranes

_________ _______ secretion that is thick and colorless lubricating fluid of the synovial membranes

synovial fluid

________ are small cushion like sacs found between moving body parts

bursae

the _________ is the superficial, outermost layer of the skin. thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium

epidermis

the ________ is the deeper of the two layers. thicker than the epidermis and mostly made up of connective tissue

dermis

the skin are supported by a thick layer of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue called ________ ______ or the ___________

subcutaneous tissue or the hypodermis

the adipose tissue of the hypodermis does what

insulates body from extremes heat and cold and also stores the energy for the body and is a nutrient source

the hypodermis acts as a _______-____________ pas and helps protect underlying tissue from injruy caused by bumps or blows to the body surface

shock-absorbing

the epidermis if _______ packed epithelial cells and has _____ layers

tightly, five

the _______ _____________ are the basal cells of the innermost layer

stratum germinativum

the ______ ___________ undergoes mitosis and reproduces themselves

stratum germinativum

as new cells are produces in the deep layers they are pushed ______ through layer layers “strata” of cells.

upward

_______ is a tough waterproof material that provides cells in the outmost layer the skin with a horny, abrasion resitant and protective quality

keratin

the tough, keratinized outer layer of the epidermis is called the _____ _______

stratum corneum

the deepest layer of the stratum germinativum is responsible for making __________ which gives color to the skin

pigment

_________ is the brown pigment

melanin

_________ is the process melanin is produced by cells in the basal layer

melanocytes

if there is an increased blood flow or blood oxygen a ____ _____ can appear

pink flush

___________ this is when the body turn a blue-gray color because of a decrease of blood flow or blood oxygen levels

cyanosis

_________ is used to describe a condition characterized b y patchy looking areas of light skin resulting from the acquired loss of epidermal melanocytes

vitiligo

vitiligo is from the Greek word for _____

calf

vitiligo is not as apparent in _______-________ but obvious in ________-________ people people but _____ % case begin before the age of ___ and progresses slowly overtime

light-skinned, dark-skinned, 50, 20

the ______, ______, ________, and _____ _____ including the _________ are often involved in vitiligo

hands, face, genitalia, and body folds including the axillae

_______ is related to autoimmune or endocrine related diseases especially thyroid disease. and often genetic origins

vitiligo

___________ is a hereditary condition that is characterized byt a partial or total lack of melanin pigment in the skin and eyes

albinism

the blotchy areas pigment that comes during a pregnancy and fades over time that is common on the forehead, cheeks, nose, upper lip, and chin is called the “_______ ____ ___________”

mask of pregnancy

____________ are small flat macules that most often occur as a genetic trait in light skinned people and confined to face, upper extremities, and back

freckles

chronically sun-exposed areas of the skin are brown colored spots commonly called ____ ____

age spots

the junction that exists between the thin epidermal layer of the skin above and the dermal layer below forms a type of basement membrane called the ___________ - ____________ ____________

dermal-epidermal junction

the deeper cells of the epidermis are packed tightly together that hold firmly to one another by cellular junctions between membranes of adjacent cells are called _____ _______

spot welds

small nipplelike bumps that project upward from the dermis into the epidermis is _________ _________

dermal papillae

_________ are small fluid filled pockets that from in the epidermis from burns, friction, injuries, or exposure to irritants

blisters

the mechanical strength of the skin and is composed largely of connective tissue with cells scattered and far apart with fibers in between (elastic or collagen) is the …..

dermis

which fibers of the dermis are tough and strong

collagen or white fibers

which fibers of the dermis are stretchable and elastic

elastic or yellow fibers

the upper region or _________ _______ of the dermis is characterized by parallel rows of peglike prjections and is composed essentially of loose connective tissue elements and a network of thin collagenous and elastic fibers

papillary layer

______ ______ is thick, hairless, and deeply ridged an ex. palms and soles

thick skin

_____ ______ has hair and irregular shallow grooves

thin skin

_________ ________ help us to walk up-right without slipping and to make and hold tools, also help us sense textures on surfaces in our envrionment

friction ridges

the deeper layer or _____ ______ of the dermis if filled with a dense network of interlacing fibers that are mostly collagen that gives toughness to skin but elastic fibers are present

reticular layer

stretch marks are called….

strai

pigmented ____________ are caused by developmental malformation of dermal blood vessels

birthmarks

what is a strawberry hemangioma

a collection of dilated vessels that may initially appear as a bruise at birth then grow rapidly during th efirst year into a bright red nodule

_____-______ _____ is pigmented vascular birthmark that cannot go away on its own but can fade way so its hard to see with ____-_____ therapy or use of _____ ______

port-wine stain, laser-based, opaque makeup

dilation of dermal capillaries at the nape of the neck in a baby that occur during development results in a birthmark called “____ _____” in ___%-___ % of newborns

stork bite, 50-70

the subcutaneous tissue or the ____________ is often called the ____________ __________. it is not a layer of the skin but connects the skin to underlying muscle and bone. the most prominent tissue in this layer are adipose and loose fibrous

hypodermis, superficial fascia

____________ _________ is when a hypodermic needle is injected to this layer because of the rich blood supply and loose spongy texture

subcutaneous injection

________ is a small pocket like sac that are required for hair growth

follicle

__________ is the hair of a newborn that is fine and soft

lanugo

lanugo is from the latin word for….

down

where hair growth begins and its a when cells of the epidermal layer of the skin grow down into the dermis, forming a small tube like structure called a ____ _______

hair follicle

hair growth begins from a small bump called the _____ _______

hair papilla

____________ __________ is the epidermal growth layer

stratum germinativum

hair loss of any kind is called __________

alopecia

post partum alopecia occurs when

after childbirth and the mother experiences hair loss especially on the front and sides of scalp but will grow back

young people who experience a total hair loss without apparent cause but chances of full regrowth are very low is called _______ _____

alopecia totalis

sudden hair loss in round or oval “exclamation point” patches on the scalp is ____ _______

alopecia areata

a tiny smooth (involuntary) muscle called the _____ _____ and contract to make goose pimples

arrector pili

arrector pili is the latin word for….

erectors of hair

the visible part of the nail

nail body

nail that lies in a groove and is hidden by a fold of skin

root

nail part that is a fold of skin

cuticle

nail body nearest to the root that has a crescent shaped white area known as _______ or little moon

lunula

under the nail lies a layer of epithelium called ____ ____ and appears pink because of abundant blood vessels

nail bed

the painless separation of a fingernail or toenail from the pink nail bed underneath

onycholysis

__________ in the skin make it possible for the body surface to act as a sense organ, relaying messages to the brain concerning sensations such as touch, pain, temp., and pressure

receptors

__________ ________ also known as pacini corpuscle is a receptor that detects pressure and is deep in dermis

lamellar corpuscle