Scientific Method & Discovery of Hook-and-Loop Fastener

Vocabulary flashcards covering the inventor George de Mestral, his burr-inspired hook-and-loop fastener, and each step of the scientific method introduced by Sir Francis Bacon.

Scientific Method

A logical, step-by-step process for experimentation used to explore observations and answer questions; first outlined by Sir Francis Bacon.

Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

English philosopher who first formalized the scientific method to provide rational problem-solving across scientific fields.

Observation (Step 1)

Carefully watching surroundings to identify scientific problems.

Identify the Problem (Step 2)

Recognizing an unsatisfactory situation that causes difficulties for people.

Research (Step 2.1)

Searching for information relevant to the identified problem before forming a hypothesis.

Hypothesis (Step 3)

An educated guess that explains the scientific problem and predicts factors that affect it.

Experiment (Step 4)

Planning and performing tests to determine whether the hypothesis is correct.

Gathering Information/Data (Step 5)

Collecting measurements or observations produced during experiments.

Analyze (Step 5.1)

Organizing, examining, and interpreting experimental results.

Conclusion (Step 6)

A judgement drawn from analyzed data regarding whether the hypothesis was supported or refuted.

Communicating Result (Step 7)

Sharing conclusions so others can evaluate or apply the findings.

George de Mestral (1907-1990)

Swiss inventor who, in 1948, studied burrs clinging to clothes and used the observation to design a new fastener.

Burr

A plant seed sac covered with tiny hooks that attach to animal fur or fabric; inspired de Mestral’s invention.

Hook-and-Loop Fastener

Two-sided fastening system with stiff hooks on one side and soft loops on the other, inspired by burrs (commercially known as Velcro).

Step-by-Step Procedure

Following ordered stages (like the scientific method) to ensure logical, reliable, and repeatable results in problem-solving.

What is the Scientific Method?

A) A logical, step-by-step process for experimentation used to explore observations and answer questions; first outlined by Sir Francis Bacon.
B) A random approach to scientific discovery.
C) A method used solely in theoretical physics.
D) The process of confirming preconceived notions.

Correct Answer: A

Who was Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)?

A) English philosopher who first formalized the scientific method to provide rational problem-solving across scientific fields.
B) A Swiss inventor known for the hook-and-loop fastener.
C) A scientist who discovered the properties of burrs.
D) The first person to propose the concept of observation in science.

Correct Answer: A

What is the first step of the scientific method, Observation, primarily about?

A) Careful watching surroundings to identify scientific problems.
B) Forming a hypothesis based on existing research.
C) Analyzing collected data from an experiment.
D) Communicating the results to a broader audience.

Correct Answer: A

In the scientific method, what does 'Identify the Problem' involve?

A) Recognizing an unsatisfactory situation that causes difficulties for people.
B) Immediately looking for a solution without prior research.
C) Starting an experiment without a clear objective.
D) Concluding an experiment's findings.

Correct Answer: A

What is the purpose of the 'Research' step in the scientific method?

A) Searching for information relevant to the identified problem before forming a hypothesis.
B) Conducting preliminary experiments to test a theory.
C) Drawing conclusions from experimental data.
D) Sharing findings with the scientific community.

Correct Answer: A

Which of the following best describes a scientific Hypothesis?

A) An educated guess that explains the scientific problem and predicts factors that affect it.
B) A proven scientific law.
C) A random thought about an observation.
D) A final conclusion drawn from an experiment.

Correct Answer: A

What is the primary goal of the 'Experiment' step in the scientific method?

A) Planning and performing tests to determine whether the hypothesis is correct.
B) Sharing the results of previous studies.
C) Identifying new scientific problems for future research.
D) Organizing initial observations into categories.

Correct Answer: A

What happens during the 'Gathering Information/Data' step of the scientific method?

A) Collecting measurements or observations produced during experiments.
B) Formulating a new hypothesis.
C) Revising the initial problem statement.
D) Debating the ethical implications of the research.

Correct Answer: A

What does it mean to 'Analyze' experimental results?

A) Organizing, examining, and interpreting experimental results.
B) Presenting findings without any interpretation.
C) Conducting additional experiments to collect more data.
D) Discarding data that does not fit the hypothesis.

Correct Answer: A

What is a 'Conclusion' in the context of the scientific method?

A) A judgement drawn from analyzed data regarding whether the hypothesis was supported or refuted.
B) The initial question posed at the beginning of the experiment.
C) A tentative explanation yet to be tested.
D) A list of all observations made during the experiment.

Correct Answer: A

Why is 'Communicating Result' an important step in the scientific method?

A) Sharing conclusions so others can evaluate or apply the findings.
B) To keep the findings secret within a small group.
C) To prevent others from challenging the research.
D) To fulfill a bureaucratic requirement without real scientific value.

Correct Answer: A

Who was George de Mestral (1907-1990)?

A) Swiss inventor who, in 1948, studied burrs clinging to clothes and used the observation to design a new fastener.
B) The English philosopher who formalized the scientific method.
C) A botanist who discovered the mechanism of burr attachment.
D) An engineer who invented the first practical zipper.

Correct Answer: A

What is a 'Burr' in the context of George de Mestral's invention?

A) A plant seed sac covered with tiny hooks that attach to animal fur or fabric; inspired de Mestral’s invention.
B) A type of synthetic fiber used in fabrics.
C) A small, sharp tool used in manufacturing.
D) A protective covering for plant fruits.

Correct Answer: A

What is a Hook-and-Loop Fastener?

A) Two-sided fastening system with stiff hooks on one side and soft loops on the other, inspired by burrs (commercially known as Velcro).
B) A type of button closure for clothing.
C) A mechanism specifically designed for climbing equipment.
D) A form of adhesive tape.

Correct Answer: A

Why is a 'Step-by-Step Procedure' important, as exemplified by the scientific method?

A) Following ordered stages (like the scientific method) to ensure logical, reliable, and repeatable results in problem-solving.
B) To make the process more complicated and time-consuming.
C) To allow for random variations in experimental outcomes.
D) To avoid having to document the process later.

Correct Answer: A