FINAL.Exam 3 Material

hen’s reproductive age

18-20 weeks

rooster’s reproductive age

1 year

molting

process of shedding feathers

what is molting started by

decreased daylight hours, winter preparation and increase of thyroxine

what ovary is functional in hens

left ovary and oviduct

pause day

no LH surge, no ovulation, no egg laying

infundibulum

funnel-shaped opening at the anterior end of oviduct that captures the ovum

magnum

large part of oviduct, secretes albumen

isthmus

secretes two shell membranes around ovum

shell gland =

uterus

shell gland (uterus)

expanded portion where eggshell is formed in about 20 hours

ovokeratin

main component of shell membranes

calcium carbonate

primary component of eggshell

estrogen

regulates calcium removal from blood

protoporphyrins

pigments that give eggs their brown or blue color

vagina

sperm storage

cloaca

common opening for digestive and reproductive tracts

vent

external opening of the cloaca

utero-vaginal junction

location of sperm storage tubules in the hen

testes

paired organs that produce sperm

vas deferens

tubular structures for transporting sperm from testes to cloaca

papillae

small bumps on the cloaca’s back wall

wing feather sexing - females

alternating short and long feathers

wing feather sexing - males

same size feathers

vent sexing - females

slit-like opening

vent sexing - males

small, round opening

the hen has no

corpus luteum

the hen has a _________ phase

follicular

Anti-Mullerian

hormone that causes the regression of the right ovary and oviduct in hens

codominance

both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype

incomplete dominance

intermediate phenotype

gene frequency

proportion of a specific allele in a population

genotypic frequency

how often a particular genotype occurs

phenotypic frequency

proportion of individuals expressing a specific phenotype

chickens lack ____

teeth

esophagus - function

transports food from mouth to the crop

peristaslsis

rhythmic contractions of the esophageal muscles that propel food towards the crop

crop - function

temporary storage pouch for food

crop impaction

condition caused by prolonged food deprivation followed by rapid overconsumption

crop impaction =

crop binding

proventriculus - function

“true stomach” - secretes HCl and digestive enzymes, pepsin, to chemically break down food

gizzard/ventriculus - function

mechanical stomach

grit

small stones ingested by free-range chickens to aid in grinding

hardware disease

condition caused by the ingestion of sharp metal objects that can perforate the gizzard

small intestine - function

digestion and nutrient absorption

small intestine - digestion

duodenum

small intestine - nutrient absorption

jejunum and ileum

fat-soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

Ceca - function

blind pouches where the small and large intestines meet, water reabsorption and fermentation

large intestine/colon - function

water reabsorption, minimal digestion/nutrient absoprtion

cloaca - function

common opening for the digestive and reproductive tracts

fecal matter is mixed with

uric acid

chickens do not _____

urinate