AP exam review. Unit 2: Antebellum America

"Crusade against ignorance"

Educated people will lead to better voters

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin

Jefferson's Inaugural Address

"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists." Creating unity in US

Agrarian Republic

Jefferson's idea of having the country be based off of agriculture and the average citizen

War against the barbary pirates (1801-1805)

Increased the size of the navy

Marbury vs. Madison (1803)

established the power of judicial review

Jefferson had a strict interpretation of the government and this was very loose

Why was the Louisiana purchase controversial?

Embargo Act

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality

Tecumseh and the Prophet

Native conflict under Madison where US feared that natives were being supplied by the British.

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France.

Treaty of Ghent

December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo with no territory changes

Hartford convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed its demands for the end of the war. War was over by the time it was finished and marked the end of the federalists

Era of Good Feelings, 1815-24

Period of strong nationalism, economic growth, territorial expansion under the presidency of James Monroe. Only one major political party at the time (Republican)

The American System, 1815

Policies devised by the Whig Party and leading politician Henry Clay: national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements

Tallmadge Amendment (1819)

Proposed no new slaves and gradual emancipation but was never passed.

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30'

Marshall Court (1801-1835)

Decided Marbury v. Madison and protected any person who owned property

Mculloch v. Maryland (1819)

Declared the national bank constitutional

Monarchical unity

US supports rebellions for political and economic reasons

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Warned EU against interfering in the western hemisphere

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the claim from the supporters of Andrew Jackson that John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay had worked out a deal to ensure that Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives in 1824.

Universal White Male Suffrage

Idea that as US democracy progressed voting restrictions on white males were eased allowing Jackson's popularity in the election of 1824 and finally his victory in the Election of 1828

Jackson

Who was the president of the common man

Spoils system

rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support

Nullification Crisis

Argument between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the role of national government where SC threatened to secede and Jackson threatened them back

SC does not secede if congress lowers tariffs and nobody dies

What compromise was made in the nullification crisis?

Assimilation of natives

Forcing of American culture on to Natives to deem them more "civilized"

Worcester vs Georgia

Supreme Court backed up cherokees with land in Georgia, built Jackson disagreed

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Ordered the removal of Indian Tribes still residing east of the Mississippi to newly established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri; those resisting eviction were forcibly removed by American forces, often after prolonged legal or military battles.

Trail of Tears (1838)

The route taken by Native Americans as they were relocated to Oklahoma; 20-25% perished before reaching Oklahoma

He took all the money out and put into to smaller local banks

How did Jackson kill the national bank?

Specie Circular (1836)

An executive order issued by Andrew Jackson requiring payment for government land to be in gold and silver. Led to inflation and rising prices; blamed for the Panic of 1837.

Panic of 1837

Cash loans from state pet parks can't be used to pay off debts on land bc of specie circular which put the farmers in trouble

William Henry Harrison

Copied Jackson campaign. A 2 party system became normal.