Teas 7 science!!

Cephalic

head

Cranial

skull

Facial

face

Frontal

forehead

Occipital

base of skull

temporal

temple

orbital or ocular

eye

Otic

ear

Buccal

cheek

Nasal

nose

Oral

mouth

Mental

chin

Cervical

neck

Sternal

breastbone

Thoracic

chest

Mammary

breast

Acromial

shoulder

Scapular

shoulder blade

Vertebral

spinal column

Lumbar

lower back

Dorsal

back

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

arm

Antecubital

front of elbow

olecranal or cubital

back of elbow

Antebrachial

forearm

Carpal

wrist

Palmar

palm

Pollex

thumb

dorsum

back of hand

manual

hand

digital or phalangeal

fingers

Abdominal

abdomen

Umbilical

navel

Coxa

hip

Scaral

between hips

coccygeal

tailbone

Gluteal

buttock

pelvis

Pelivis

Pubic

pubis

Perineal

between anus and external genitalia

Inguinal

groin

Femoral

thigh

Patella

front of knee

Popliteal

back of knee

Crural

shin

Sural

calf

Pedal

foot

Tarsal

ankle

digital of phalangeal

toes

Plantar

sole of foot

Calcaneal

heel

dorsum

top of foot

Hallux

great toe (big toe)

Anterior

front of the body

Posterior

back of body

Superior

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above; hands included

Inferior

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below; feet included

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Proximal

Closer to the trunk of the body

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body

sagittal plane or median

vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves

frontal plane (coronal plane)

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

transverse plane or cross section

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves

structure of respiratory system

Nasal cavity

Air is warm, humidified, and filtered by mucus and hair

Pharynx

Junction for both food and air

Larynx

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords

Treachea

Cylinder tube with rings of cartilage that provide support

Bronchi

There are two bronchus: left and right

Bronchioles

Smaller branches of bronchial airways

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

Conduction zone

Transports air from the outside environment to the site of gas exchange; includes trachea, bronchi, and terminal bronchioles

Anatomical dead space

air that never reaches the alveoli, no gas exchange

Respiratory zone

Structures in the lungs where gas exchange takes place; includes respiratory bronchial, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

exhalation/expiration

diaphragm relaxes (moves up); thoracic cavity volume decreases

Inhalation/Inspiration

diaphragm contracts and lowers; thoracic cavity volume increases

Perfusion

delivery of blood to body tissues, organs, and cells

Ventilation

movement of air into and out of the lungs

Hyperventilation

pH basic

fast breathing

⬆️ O2 (hyperoxia)

⬇️ CO2 (hypocapnia)

hypoventilation

pH acidic

Slow breathing

⬇️ O2 (hypoxia)

⬆️ CO2 (hypercapnia)

Blood becomes too acidic

Metabolic acidosis created resulting in too low of blood pH; removed excess acid through respiratory system

Respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Oxygen delivery & carbon dioxide pick up

Respiratory and muscular

Diaphragm & intercostal muscles (in between ribs)

Resporatory system and skeletal

Cage protecting lungs

Respiratory and nervous systems

Voluntary and involuntary controls of respiratory system by using pH

Respiratory: pH scale

Increase in acidity signals brain to increase respirations; restores and stabilizes pH to maintain homeostasis 7.4

structure of cardiovascular system

-Four chambers: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle.

-Septum: separates the left and right chambers

blood vessels (carries blood through the body)

-Arteries: oxygenated blood-away from the heart

-Veins: deoxygenated blood- back to the heart

-Capillaries: connect arteries & veins; site for exchange of O2 and CO2

—Blood: carry oxygen & nutrients to cells and CO2 and waste way from cells

Type cycles of contraction: BP

Systole/systolic: contraction of the heart -"lub" sound

Diastole/diastolic: relaxation of the heart -"dub" sound

function of respiratory system

bring in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide; maintains pH

heart's electrical system

- Sinoatrial Node

- Atrioventricular Node

- Bundle of His

- Left & Right Bundle Branch

- Purkinje Fibers

Blood flow of the heart

Deoxygenated blood: Superior/inferior venae cavae > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonic valve > pulmonary artery > lungs

Oxygenated blood: lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > bicuspid/mitral valve > aortic valve > aorta

Blood flow

Deoxygenated blood > vein> right Atrium>right ventricle>lungs

Oxygenated blood > lungs>left atrium>left ventricle >aorta>body

Functions of the cardiovascular system

deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and the body and removes CO2 and waste

Maintain blood pressure

Regulate body temp

Maintain body pH

Transports hormones, fights infection, aids in digestion, assist in repair of damaged tissues

Osmotic pressure

Functions

Distribution of nutrients > digestive

Distribution of O2 & CO2 > respiratory

Distribution of hormones > endocrine

Removal of waste & conditioning of blood > liver & kidney

Overview of heart

⬆️ arteries - have thin walls

Overview of heart

⬇️ ventricles - thick walls

heart valves function

prevent backflow of blood