Chemistry Nat 5

In the electrochemical series, the equations for _____, _______, and ______ have to be reversed.

chlorine, bromine, and iodine

((If it helps these are all group7) Remember; When god decided to make these elements harder to study, he was being a *B*romine *I*odine *Ch*lorine)

When a metal, or graphite, conducts the charged particles which move as the current are

electrons

When an ionic compound conducts the charged particles which move as the current are

ions

Atoms can bond by covalent or ionic bonding. Ionic bonding involved the ____ of electrons.

transfer

Atoms can bond by covalent or ionic bonding. Covalent bonding involved the ____ of electrons.

sharing

Unpaired, outer electrons are referred as

Valency (i.e. the Valency of Hydrogen is 1)

Electrolysis will only take place when a _____ _____ is passed into an electrolyte. (i.e. ionic liquid or solution)

Direct current. d.c.

(In a direct current there is a permanent positive or negative terminal - electrolysis will not occur in an a.c. circuit)

Define; Electrolysis

The break down of an ionic compound back into its elements using electricity.

For electrolysis to take place, an ionic compound needs to be...

freed. I.e. the ions are free to move (such as in a liquid or solution).

The equations showing the ions being converted into atoms or molecules are called

ion electron half-equations.

These are listed in the Electo-chemical series

Page 20 of book 3 contains the Ions of elements.

Look at them.

Two Li atoms are required to transfer an electron to a single oxygen atom to form an ionic compound. Give the formula for the compound.

(Li⁺)₂O²⁻

Three Al atoms are required to transfer electrons to two oxygen atoms for them all to obtain stability. Give the formula if each Al atom has charge 3+ and O atom's 2-

(Al³⁺)₂(O²⁻)₃

Covalent bonding occurs when ____-______ bond.

Non-metals

Describe a single bond between fluorine and how that would be written.

Each has one valency electron, and each of those fills the orbital to make them both stable.

Each line (bond) on a covalent bonding diagram shows a _____ of _____ being shared.

Pair of electrons

Mastered (7)

You've been getting these terms right!

Select these 7

In electrolysis, for a product to form on the terminal, it has to have the _____ charge as the terminal

opposite

Metal ions are always ____ charged.

Positively

In electrolysis, the metal ions are always at the ______ terminal as they are _____ charged.

The metal ions are always at the *negative* terminal as they are *positively* charged.

In electrolysis, the non-metal ions are always at the ______ terminal as they are _____ charged.

the non-metal ions are always at the *positive* terminal as they are *negatively* charged.

A liquid which contains ions is called an...

Electrolyte (Electrolytes conduct)

All ionic compounds form electrolytes when ....

melted or in a solution

Metals conduct by carrying a flow of electrons. This is not how ionic solutions or liquids work. They work by carrying a flow of

ions.

Not studied (202)

You haven't studied these terms yet!

Select these 202

Describe the double bond between oxygen and oxygen and how that would be written.

How would you write the diagram for a tetrahedral molecule?

Describe the shape of a tetrahedral molecule.

How would you write the diagram for a pyramidal molecule?

Describe the shape of a pyramidal molecule.

Describe the shape of a planar molecule.

All atoms could sit on a sheet of paper without any of them falling above or below the paper. *The molecule is flat.*

How would you write the diagram for a planar molecule?

How would you write the diagram for a linear molecule?

How are atoms held together in a covalent bond?

The positive nuclei are attracted to the negative shared pair of electrons. This holds them together.

Trick; To verify a ionic compound, take the number an ion and times that by it's charge. This will be equal to the answer of the other ion.

I.e. (Al³⁺)₂(O²⁻)₃

3×2=6

2×3=6

6=6

This is indeed a correct compound.

In circuit diagrams, the longer line of the battery is the _____ side.

Positive.

A ______ involves two or more atoms bonded together.

In a _____ is the same but involves two or more elements also.

Molecule.

Compound.

In graphite, the substance is organised into plates. The plates are organised into honeycomb patterns, and then layered atop each-other. The plates, themselves, are pretty strong. The bonding between them is weak.

I tried but I couldn't phrase that as a question. Take this punny eel as an apology.

Ionic substances are ____ in water but are ____ in other covalent liquids.

Soluble, insoluble

Most covalent substances are _____ in water but are ____ in other covalent liquids.

Insoluble, soluble,

Ionic substances are ____ in water.

Soluble.

Covalent substances are insoluable in...

water

Metals have _______ melting points.

high (mercury is an exception)

Ionic substances have ____ melting points.

high

Most covalent substances have ____ melting and boiling points, meaning they can be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.

low (if a substance is liquid or gas at room temperature, it's safe to assume it has covalent bonding. Except from Noble gasses and mercury, which just have to be difficult)

Read Page 29, Topic 3, Unit 1 for a summary of topic three.

.

A regular repeating pattern of ions is called an

ionic lattice (crystal lattice is another name) (Don't confuse this with a 'Network Structure' because that only occurs in colvalent substances)

In Na⁺Cl⁻ the ratio of Na⁺ : Cl⁻ is

1:1