HSC Chapter 6 Urinary System

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Urinary system

removes waste from the body, regulates fluid volume, assists in blood pressure regulation, and maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid

Kidneys

 two bean-shaped organs on each side of the vertebral column

Nephron

urine-producing microscopic structure: 1 million __ in each kidney

Renal pelvis

 funnel-shaped reservoir that collects urine and passes it to the ureter

Ureters

 two slender tubes (10-13 inches) that receive urine and carry it into bladder

Urinary Bladder

muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds urine

Urethra

lowest part of urinary tract through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to outside

Urinary meatus

 the opening through which urine passes to outside

How long is female urethra

1.5 inches

How long is male urethra

8 inches

cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o, ren/o-

kidney

pyel/o

 renal pelvis

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o-

urethra

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

urea/nitrogen

blast/o

developing cell

glycos/o, glyc/o

glucose/sugar

hydr/o

water

lith/o

stone

noct/i

nocturnal/night

olig/o

a few

urin/o, ur/o

urinary tract

-iasis

condition

-esis

condition

-lysis

dissolution, spreading, breaking down

-ptosis

suturing, repairing

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-trophy

developing

-uria

urine/urination

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding, dscharge

-gram

x-ray image

-graphy

process of recording

azotemia (uremia)

urea in blood

cystitis

inflammation of water

-cele

protrusion, hernia, swelling

cystocele

protrusion of the bladder

Cystolith

stone in the bladder

Melgaly

enlargement

hematuria

blood in urine

azotemia/uremia

urea and other waste products in blood

is hematuria a symptom

yes

is Azotemia a symptom

no, its a serious disorder

renal failure

kidney failure

acute kidney failure

Abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over hours to days and it’s usually reversible

Chronic Kidney Disease

Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function

End Stage Renal Disease

Condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own, Dialysis or kidney transplantation is necessary for survival.

Epispadias

congenital defect, urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of penis

Hypospadias

congenital defect, urinary meatus is located on the underside of penis of male and meatus is unusually located in females.

Polycystic Kidney Disease

progressive disease, kidney contains many cysts interfering with urine production

Renal Calculus/i

stone in the kidney

Renal Hypertension

elevated blood pressure from kidney disease

Urinary Retention

accumulation of urine in the bladder because of inability to urinate

Urinary Suppression

Sudden stoppage of urine formation

Urinary tract infection

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

noninvasive, crushes stone(s) in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shockwaves (fragments passed in urine)

Fulguration

destruction of living tissue with an electrical spark (destroys bladder growths)

Renal Transplant

implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

Blood Urea Nitrogen

blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood. If elevated can indicate abnormal renal function.

Creatinine

blood test that measures creatinine in the blood. If elevated indicates impaired kidney function

KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder)

Image of the abdomen. Determines size, shape and location of kidney, ureters, and bladder. Can also find stones and diagnose intestinal obstructions

Specific gravity

test performed on urine to measure the concentrating or dilution ability of the kidneys

Urinalysis

multiple routine tests performed on urine to look for glucose, protein, blood, and other substances in urine.

Urine Culture and Sensitivity

test performed on urine specimen to determine the presence of bacteria and yeast: used to diagnose urinary tract infections.

Catheter

flexible, tubelike device to withdrawal or instill fluids

Distended

stretched out bladder (full of urine)

Electrolytes

minerals in the body, such as sodium and potassium that carry an electrolyte charge

Enuresis

Involuntary urination

Hemodialysis

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

Incontinence

Inability to control the bladder or bowels

Micturate

to pass urine (urinate)

Peritoneal dialysis

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so. The peritoneal cavity is used as a receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis.

Prolapse

Displacement of an organ or anatomic structure from its normal position (also called prolapse)

Stricture

abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture

Urinal

receptacle for urine

Urinary catheterization

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

Urodynamics

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary trac

Void

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

Acute renal failure (ARF)

sudden and can be fixed is treated immediately

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

progessive failure but can be transplanted out

End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

kidney is too poor to sustain life

Are kidney’s more toward front or back

Back

Extracorpeal shock wave lithotripsy

breaking kidney stones so they can be passed through urine

Fulgaration

the destruction of small growths or areas of tissue using diathermy.

Renal transplant

kidney transplant

Dianostic imaging/ KUB

 kidney, ureter, bladder

Labratory

Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, specific gravity (SG), urinalysis (UA)

Catheter

 thin tube that goes through urethra to drain urine

Distended

 stretched out

Electrolytes

minerals within body

Enuresis

involuntary urination

Hemodialysis

 procedure that removes fluid from body when kidneys are unable to

Incontinence

 inability to control bladder/bowels

Micturate

 urinate

 Peritoneal dialysis

treatment that removes waste from kidney through bags being swapped out

Stricture

narrowing of tubular structure in body

Urinal

receptacle for collecting urine