AP Chemistry: Polyatomic Ions | Quizlet

acetate

ammonium

arsenate

bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate)

bisulfate (hydrogen sulfate)

borate

bromate

bromite

carbonate

chlorate

chlorite

chromate

cyanide

dichromate

dihydrogen phosphate

hydrogen phosphate (no "bi" because -3 charge. Number of hydrogens is ambiguous)

hydroxide

hypochlorite

iodate

nitrate

nitrite

oxalate

perchlorate

permanganate

peroxide

phosphate

sulfate

sulfite

silicate

thiocyanate

thiosulfate

ions that end in -ate

have oxygen in them

elements in the same family

make similar ions. (same charge. Ex: chlorate, bromate, iodate)

per-

add oxygen atom to -ate ion. (ex: iodate IO3 - → periodate IO4 -)

hypo-

remove oxygen from -ite ion. (ex: iodite IO2 - → hypoiodite IO -)

per, ate, ite, hypo

order of decreasing oxygens

thio-

sulfur replaces oxygen. (ex: cyanate CNO - → thiocyanate SCN -)

-ide

monatomic anions (chloride, iodide, bromide)

bonding H+ to an ion

--adds +1 to the charge

--adds "hydrogen" to name

(ex: carbonate CO3 2- → hydrogen carbonate HCO3 -)

di-

2 hydrogens added

bi-

indicates addition of hydrogen cation (H+)

bi- is not used with

-3 charge ions (how many H+ are added is ambiguous)

-3 charge ions

can take one or two hydrogens

Ag +

Zn 2+

Cd 2+

Hg2 2+

mercury (I). (each mercury in +1 state, bonded together = 2+ charge)

Pb 2+, Pb 4+

Sn 2+, Sn 4+

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