structural analysis chapter 1 and 2

Tie rod

Carries tension

Beam

Mainly carries bending and shear

Column

mainly carries compression

Beam-Column

carries axial force + bending

Truss

triangular members; members carry tension/compression

cable

flexible;carries tensions

arch

rigid; mainly carries compressionf

Frame

beams = columns connected togther

surface structure

thin structure such as membranes,shells, or thin plates

dead load

permanent weight

live load

moving loads, variable load

impact load

extra effect caused by a moving/bouncing load

wind load

can cause pressure, suction

snow load

depends on location, roof shape, exposure, structure

earthquake load

primarily lateral/horizontal loading

hydrostatic/soil pressure

pressure from water, soil, granular materials

load path

slab—> beams/joists—>griders—> columns—>foundation

structural design process

planning, analysis and design, construction

building codes

establish minimum design requirements/load

design codes/specifications

provide detailed technical requirements for designing structures

Pin support

allows rotation prevents translation

roller support

allows rotation

fixed support

prevents translation and rotation

translation is prevented

force reaction

rotation is prevented

moment reaction

smooth surface

only one normal force reaction

fixed support in 2d

3 reaction components

tributary area

the area whose load is transferred to a particular supporting member

one way system

L2/L1 greater than or equal to 2

two way system

L2/L1<2 (span ratio)

statically determinate

r=3n

statically indeterminate

r>3n

unstable

r<3n

degree of indeterminancy

extra unknowns beyond equilibrium equations

partial constraint

structure can move

improper constraint

Reaction are arranged incorrecltycon

concurrent reactions

reaction lines meet at a common point they allow rotation

parallel reactions

reaction lines are all parallel allows translation