APUSH Chapter 3 Reading

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28 Terms

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Martin Luther

A German friar whose protests against Catholic doctrines sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517.

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Protestant Reformation

A religious movement that reshaped beliefs across Europe and influenced future American settlers.

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John Calvin

A theologian who published "Institutes of the Christian Religion" in 1536, expanding on Luther's ideas and establishing Calvinism.

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Calvinism

A belief system emphasizing God's control, human sinfulness, and the concept of predestination.

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Predestination

The belief that God has already determined who will be saved and who will be condemned.

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Visible Saints

The "elect" in Calvinism expected to demonstrate their salvation through holy living.

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King Henry VIII

The English king who broke from the Catholic Church in the 1530s, creating the Church of England.

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Puritans

Devout English Protestants seeking to "purify" the Church of England of Catholic practices.

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Separatists

Radical Puritans who wanted to completely break away from the Church of England.

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Mayflower

The ship that carried the Pilgrims to America in 1620, landing at Plymouth Bay.

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Mayflower Compact

An agreement drafted by the Pilgrims to establish a government based on majority rule.

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William Bradford

The respected governor of Plymouth Colony who served multiple terms and was concerned about non-Puritan influences.

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

A significant Puritan settlement established in 1630, envisioned as a "city upon a hill."

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John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who led the colony for 19 years and emphasized a divine mission.

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Fundamental Orders

A pioneering constitution drafted in 1639 by settlers in Connecticut, establishing a democratic regime.

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Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan dissenter who challenged religious orthodoxy and was banished for her beliefs.

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Roger Williams

A minister who advocated for religious freedom and founded Rhode Island after being exiled from Massachusetts.

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Rhode Island

A colony founded by Roger Williams that became a haven for religious dissenters and promoted tolerance.

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Quakers

A religious group known for their pacifism and commitment to equality, emerging in England in the mid-1600s.

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William Penn

The founder of Pennsylvania, who established a colony based on Quaker principles and religious tolerance.

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New Netherland

A Dutch colony established for fur trade, which included New Amsterdam (later New York City).

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Pequot War

A conflict in 1637 between English settlers and the Pequot tribe, resulting in significant casualties for the Pequot.

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King Philip's War

A brutal conflict from 1675-1676 led by Metacom against English settlers, resulting in heavy losses for Native Americans.

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Dominion of New England

A royal authority established in 1686 that combined New England colonies under a single governor.

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Glorious Revolution

The 1688 event in England that led to the overthrow of King James II and inspired unrest in American colonies.

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New Jersey

A colony established in 1664 that attracted many settlers, including Quakers, and was later united into a royal colony.

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Middle Colonies

Known as the "bread colonies," they were characterized by fertile soil, diverse populations, and religious tolerance.

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Benjamin Franklin

An influential figure in colonial America, symbolizing the thriving growth and development of the colonies.