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why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
alkenes have a carbon-carbon double bond, which is very reactive
what is a functional group?
a functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule that determine how the molecule reacts
what chemical test can we use to distinguish alkenes from alkanes?
add orange bromine water to the unknown alkene or alkane and shake - it it is added to a saturated compound like alkane, it will remain orange, but if it is added to an unsaturated compound like alkenes it will turn colourless
what type of reaction can an alkene be part of, because of the carbon-carbon double bond?
alkenes can be part of addition reactions due to their carbon-carbon double bond
how do addition reactions work?
an addition reaction is when two molecules combine to form a single molecule - the carbon-carbon double bond breaks and opens up, then a new atom is added to each carbon
what is hydrogenation?
hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to an alkene in the presence of a catalyst, which forms an alkane
how does hydrogenation work?
an alkene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst and this gets rid of the double bond, and also adds a hydrigen to each carbon
how do alkenes form alcohols?
they react with steam in the presence of a catalyst, and this breaks the double bond, where hydrogen goes on one side and OH goes on the other - we then have to separate out the alcohol
what happens when alkenes react with halogens?
the double bond will break and each carbon will bond to a halogen atom
do alkanes tend to undergo complete or incomplete combustion?
combustion without sufficient oxygen to react completely
what is incomplete combustion?
what are the drawbacks of incomplete combustion?
a smoky yellow flame, less energy is released than from complete combustion, and it produces pollutants
what harmful products can be produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?
carbon, carbon monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons
